Table 5.

Results of Mann–Whitney tests comparing available candidate elimination driver variables in Europe at the time of malaria elimination versus current eliminating countries by continent

Variable	Americas		Africa		Asia
	z	p value	z	p value	z	p value
Temperature	−4.7056	<0.0001	−4.0856	<0.0001	−3.1282	<0.01
Frost day frequency	4.7056	<0.0001	4.0103	<0.0001	2.4955	<0.05
Precipitation	4.7056	<0.0001	2.1275	<0.05	−1.113	0.2742
GDP	−0.39466	0.7087	−0.35773	0.7403	−1.0896	0.2846
Life expectancy	−4.311	<0.0001	1.0732	0.2989	−4.6516	<0.0001
Percentage urban population	−1.3965	0.1698	0.39538	0.7126	0.59752	0.5621
Percentage urban area	−1.3358	0.1898	0.50835	0.6317	1.4645	0.1477
Percentage cropland	3.218	<0.001	3.822	<0.0001	2.9642	<0.01
Percentage grassland	−2.1555	<0.05	−1.0355	0.3167	1.3474	0.1838