Fig. 7.

Possible mechanisms of transcriptome and proteome regulations by ASK1-E3s. a ASK1-E3s may regulate gene transcription by destabilizing transcription factors. The transcription factors are stabilized in ask1 mutant and activate or repress downstream gene transcription. TF+, transcriptional activators; TF-, transcriptional repressors. b ASK1-E3s might destabilize substrate X, which positively regulates the abundance of target proteins Y. In the ask1 mutant proteome, ASK1-E3 substrate X and their target protein Y accumulate. c ASK1-E3s might destabilize substrate X, which negatively regulates the abundance of target protein Y. In the ask1 mutant proteome, ASK1-E3 substrate X accumulates but target protein Y decreases. Bars, negative regulation; horizontal arrows, positive regulation; dashed gray bars and horizontal arrows, missing regulations; upward arrows, increase in abundance; downward arrows, decrease in abundance