Table 5.
Distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma clinical features by BMI status at early adulthood (mid-20s to mid-40s)
| Clinical Feature* | Normal N=360 (%) |
Overweight N=187 (%) |
Obese N= 75(%) |
P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence of Cirrhosis | .1 | |||
| Yes | 214 (59.6) | 128 (68.4) | 43 (57.3) | |
| No | 145 (40.4) | 59 (31.6) | 32 (42.7) | |
| Evidence of Vascular Invasion | 0.2 | |||
| Yes | 107 (29.8) | 70 (37.4) | 25 (33.3) | |
| No | 252 (70.2) | 117 (62.6) | 50 (66.7) | |
| Evidence of Portal Thrombosis | 0.7 | |||
| Yes | 82 (22.8) | 49 (26.2) | 19 (25.3) | |
| No | 277 (77.2) | 138 (73.8) | 56 (74.7) | |
| Extra-hepatic Metastasis | 0.9 | |||
| Yes | 95 (26.5) | 47 (25.1) | 21 (28) | |
| No | 264 (73.5) | 140 (74.9) | 54 (72) | |
| Lymph Node Involvement | ||||
| Yes | 60 (16.8) | 45 (24.1) | 17 (22.7) | 0.1 |
| No | 298 (83.2) | 142 (75.9) | 58 (77.3) | |
| Tumor Involvement | ||||
| >50% | 71 (20.4) | 41 (22.2) | 23 (31.1) | 0.2 |
| ≤50% | 272 (78.2) | 143 (77.3) | 51 (68.9) | |
| Tumor Nodularity | 0.4 | |||
| Multi-nodular | 222 (62) | 109 (58.3) | 50 (66.7) | |
| Solitary-nodule | 119 (33.2) | 75 (40.1) | 24 (32) | |
| Performance Status | 0.1 | |||
| (≥ 2) | 44 (12.2) | 24 (12.8) | 9 (12) | |
| (< 2) | 316 (87.8) | 163 (87.2) | 66 (88) | |
| Tumor Differentiation | 0.1 | |||
| Well-Differentiated | 83 (23.1) | 49 (26.4) | 19 (25.3) | |
| Moderate-Differentiated | 114 (31.7) | 54 (29) | 24 (32) | |
| Poor-Differentiated | 44 (12.2) | 35 (18.8) | 8 (10.7) | |
| Not Reported | 113 (31.4) | 48 (25.8) | 24 (32) | |
| CLIP | 0.2 | |||
| CLIP Score (0–2) | 276 (79.5) | 138 (74.6) | 50 (67.6) | |
| CLIP Score (3) | 40 (11.5) | 29 (15.7) | 14 (18.9) | |
| CLIP Score (4–6) | 27 (7.8) | 17 (9.2) | 10 (13.5) | |
| Okuda | 0.1 | |||
| Stage-I | 211 (58.9) | 93 (49.7) | 34 (45.3) | |
| Stage-II | 132 (36.9) | 88 (47.1) | 37 (49.3) | |
| Stage-III | 11 (3.1) | 5 (2.7) | 4 (5.3) | |
| BCLC | 0.3 | |||
| Early Stage (0-A) | 27 (7.5) | 10 (5.3) | 3 (4) | |
| Intermediate Stage (B) | 66 (18.3) | 35 (18.7) | 13 (17.3) | |
| Advances Stage (C) | 241 (66.9) | 136 (72.7) | 52 (69.3) | |
| End Stage (D) | 17 (4.7) | 4 (2.1) | 7 (9.3) | |
| TNM | 0.8 | |||
| I–II | 119 (33) | 60 (32.1) | 21 (28) | |
| IIIA-IIIB-IIIC | 93 (25.9) | 55 (29.4) | 24 (31.9) | |
| IVA–IVB | 131(36.4) | 67 (35.8) | 27 (36) | |
| Treatment | 0.4 | |||
| Surgery and Transplant | 58 (16.1) | 21 (11.2) | 8 (10.7) | |
| Ablation Therapy | 11 (3.1) | 7 (3.7) | 3 (4) | |
| Local Therapy | 118 (32.8) | 69 (36.9) | 19 (25.3) | |
| Systemic Therapy | 153 (42.5) | 78 (41.7) | 37 (49.3) | |
| No therapy | 20 (5.6) | 12 (6.4) | 8 (10.7) | |
| AFP (> 400 ng/ml) | 125 (34.7) | 56 (29.9) | 34 (45.3) | 0.1 |
Abbreviations: Tumor–Nodes–Metastases (TNM), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), alpha-fetoprotein levels (AFP)
*
Some baseline (at time of diagnosis) clinical information were missing from patients’ medical records including (cirrhosis, 1; vascular invasion, 1; portal thrombosis, 1; extra-hepatic metastasis, 1; lymph node metastasis, 2; tumor involvement, 21; tumor nodularity, 23; tumor differentiation, 7; CLIP score, 21; OKUDA stage, 7; BCLC stage, 11; TNM stage, 25)
†
P value using chi-square test