Table 3.
Heroin dependent individuals in time-unlimited treatment a (N=545) | PO dependent individuals in time-unlimited treatment a (N=158) | PO dependent individuals in short-term taperb (N=155) | PO dependent individuals in extended stabilization and taper b (N=239) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||
Beta | SE | P-value | Beta | SE | P-value | Beta | SE | P-value | Beta | SE | P-value | |
Intercept | 0.756 | 0.025 | <.001 | 0.708 | 0.057 | <.001 | 0.791 | 0.034 | <.001 | 0.789 | 0.024 | <.001 |
Pre-treatment | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||||||
On treatment (t) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.044 | 0.011 | <.001 | 0.051 | 0.007 | <.001 |
On treatment-MET (t) | 0.044 | 0.006 | <.001 | 0.071 | 0.012 | <.001 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
On treatment-BUP/NX (t) | 0.039 | 0.006 | <.001 | 0.059 | 0.011 | <.001 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Post treatment(t) | 0.007 | 0.016 | 0.672 | 0.045 | 0.031 | 0.148 | - | - | - | 0.050 | 0.021 | 0.014 |
Female gender (vs. male) | −0.017 | 0.010 | 0.089 | −0.039 | 0.018 | 0.032 | −0.033 | 0.017 | 0.063 | −0.034 | 0.012 | 0.006 |
Age (deciles) (t0) | −0.010 | 0.008 | 0.032 | −0.010 | 0.012 | 0.205 | −0.022 | 0.008 | 0.008 | −0.016 | 0.006 | 0.015 |
White (t0) (vs. Non-white) | −0.014 | 0.011 | 0.218 | 0.019 | 0.026 | 0.481 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Married (t0) (vs. other) | - | - | - | - | - | - | −0.004 | 0.019 | 0.838 | 0.030 | 0.013 | 0.027 |
Employment (t0) (vs. other) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.013 | 0.017 | 0.446 | −0.026 | 0.007 | <.001 |
Mental health condition (t0)c (vs. no condition) | −0.014 | 0.016 | 0.373 | −0.022 | 0.029 | 0.454 | −0.046 | 0.018 | 0.010 | −0.054 | 0.012 | <.001 |
Chronic med. condition (t0) (vs. no condition) | - | - | - | - | - | - | −0.052 | 0.018 | 0.004 | −0.073 | 0.013 | <.0001 |
Hepatic disease (t0) (vs. no Hepatic disease) | −0.026 | 0.010 | 0.012 | 0.001 | 0.026 | 0.958 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Stimulant-positive urinalysis (t) (vs. negative urinalysis) | −0.010 | 0.007 | 0.126 | 0.020 | 0.014 | 0.151 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sedative/hypnotic use (t0) (vs. no sedative/hypnotic use) | - | - | - | - | - | - | −0.037 | 0.018 | 0.038 | −0.031 | 0.012 | 0.010 |
Stimulant use (t) (vs. no stimulant use) | - | - | - | - | - | - | −0.027 | 0.017 | 0.115 | −0.018 | 0.010 | 0.085 |
Ref: reference category; SE: standard error. MET: methadone; BUP/NX: buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone). (t) indicates time-varying covariates, (t0) indicates fixed covariates.
Enrolled in the START trial.
Enrolled in the POATS trial.
Defined as ‘ever being treated or having a history of Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety or Panic Disorder or clinically significant neurological damage’ in the START trial. Defined as ‘psychiatric problems, past 30 days’ in the POATS trial.