Table 1A.
Effect of curcumin (Cur) on the cadmium (Cd) intoxicated social behavior of male mice.
| Group | Median number (with ranges) of seconds allocated to behaviors like |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsocial investigation | Social investigation | Defense | Threat | Attack | Displacement | |
| Control | 120.30 (84.30–171.20) | 228.10 (214.10–242.40) | 23.80 (13.40–20.70) | 24.30 (20.10–35.20) | 74.20 (40.40–98.20) | 29.30 (9.50–45.50) |
| DMSO | 132.85## (125.0–140.0) | 215.75## (211.70–221.60) | 25.25 (20.50–30.50) | 23.6# (20.30–26.20) | 79.15## (73.80–82.80) | 23.9 (19.0–27.10) |
| Cur (300 mg/kg) | 162.30## (105.80–190.20) | 222.40## (204.30–240.10) | 22.15 (18.20–25.30) | 16.00 (12.00–35.30) | 50.10 (40.30–77.10) | 32.55 (26.40–36.50) |
| Cd (100 mg/kg) | 307.60∗∗∗ (270.20–370.00) | 102.70∗∗∗ (59.50–159.80) | 22.40 (16.00–40.30) | 12.40∗ (9.50–23.00) | 12.05∗∗∗ (0.00–20.60) | 33.45 (23.10–37.60) |
| Cd + Cur (100 + 150 mg/kg) | 201.0# (200.0–210.0) | 171.0# (164.0–172.0) | 22.50 (22.0–25.0) | 24.0# (22.0–27.0) | 51.95## (43.5–53.20) | 30.65 (30.36–30.80) |
| Cd + Cur (100 + 300 mg/kg) | 170.25## (110.80–190.80) | 201.70## (201.60–240.40) | 22.15 (15.20–42.30) | 22.55# (15.70–27.30) | 49.15## (35.50–77.10) | 34.20 (14.50–36.50) |
∗, ∗∗ and ∗∗∗ significantly different (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) respectively from the control group and #, ## significantly different (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) from the cadmium treated group by ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test.
DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide.