Table 1B.
Effect of curcumin (Cur) on the cadmium (Cd) intoxicated social behavior of male mice.
| Group | Median number (with ranges) of seconds allocated to behaviors like |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latency to threat (sec) | Latency to attack (sec) | Number of fights | Number of naso-nasal contacts | Number of naso-genital contacts | Wall rears | Rears | |
| Control | 10.00 (3.00–30.00) | 45.00 (10.00–70 .00) | 19.00 (15.00–21.00) | 26.00 (23.00–29.00) | 17.00 (14.00–22.00) | 12.00 (10.00–16.00) | 10.00 (8.00–12.00) |
| DMSO | 15.5### (5.0–30.0) | 37.50## (20.0–90.0) | 16.50## (14.0–20.0) | 19.50## (14.0–21.0) | 10## (10.0–14.0) | 9.50### (7.0–14.0) | 6.0### (4.0–8.0) |
| Cur (560 mg/kg) | 55.00### (10.00–90.00) | 97.00# (37.00–130.00) | 12.00# (10.00–19.00) | 21.00 (15.00–27.00) | 11.00# (9.00–19.00) | 19.00# (13.00–21.00) | 17.00# (14.00–25.00) |
| Cd (100 mg/kg) | 450.00∗∗∗ (290.00–480.00) | 415.00∗∗ (0.00–490.00) | 5.00∗∗∗ (0.00–11.00) | 5.00∗∗∗ (4.00–9.00) | 7.00∗∗∗ (5.00–13.00) | 34.00∗∗∗ (25.00–53.00) | 29.00∗∗∗ (21.00–36.00) |
| Cd + Cur 100 + 150 mg kg | 77.50### (60.0–90.0) | 165.0## (150.0–175.0) | 16.50 (15.0–17.0) | 22.50 (20.0–25.00) | 14.0# (12.0–16.0) | 15.50# (13.0–17.0) | 13.0## (11.0–14.0) |
| Cd + Cur 100 + 300 mg kg | 58.00### (11.00–89.00) | 115.00## (47.00–154.00) | 13.00# (2.00–18.00) | 21.00 (17.00–25.00) | 12.00# (8.00–17.00) | 22.00# (13.00–30.00) | 18.00# (11.00–22.00) |
∗∗ and ∗∗∗ significantly different (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) respectively from the control group and #, ## and ### significantly different (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) respectively from the cadmium treated group by ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test.
DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide.