Table 2.

Effect of curcumin (Cur) on cadmium(Cd) intoxicated biting behavior of female mice in the tube restraint test.

Treatment group	Measures (Median values with ranges)
Latency to first bite (sec)	Number of bites
Control	15.0 (10.0–40.0)	70.0 (45.0–96.0)
DMSO	45.0 (30.0–60.0)	82.50 (80.0–90.0)
Cur 300 mg/kg	25.0## (10.0–55.0)	72.0## (40.0–120.0)
Cd 100 mg/kg	132.0∗ (0.0–180.0)	13.0∗∗ (0.0–54.0)
Cd + Cur (100 + 150 mg/kg)	75.0## (60.0–90.0)	37.0# (30.0–45.0)
Cd + Cur (100 + 300 mg/kg)	18.0# (10.0–32.0)	70.0## (49.0–98.0)

^∗ and ^∗∗ significantly different at (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) respectively from the control groups and ^#, ^##, significantly different at (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) respectively from the cadmium treated groups by ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test. DMSO is dimethylsulfoxide.