Table 2.

Key Phase 3 Trials of FDA-Approved Targeted Therapies for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Therapy	Target	Treatment Line	Comparison Arm	Primary Endpoint
Axitinib 37	VEGFR	Second-Line	Sorafenib	PFS
Bevacizumab + IFN- α (AVOREN) 38	VEGF	First-line	Placebo + IFN- α	OS
Bevacizumab + IFN- α (CALGB) 39	VEGF	First-line	IFN- α	OS
Everolimus	mTOR	VEGFR Failure	Placebo	PFS
Pazopanib	VEGFR	First-line or Cytokine Failure	Placebo	PFS
Sorafenib 42	VEGFR	Cytokine Failure	Placebo	OS
Sunitinib43	VEGFR	First-line	IFN- α	PFS
Temsirolimus 44	mTOR	First-line	IFN- α	OS

IFN, interferon; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.

Modified with permission from ⁴⁵