Table 4.

Correlations of serum trace elements concentration with sBAP and total hip and spine BMD in male and female participants with osteopenia and osteoporosis (n=70) following 12-week aerobic training

Parameters	Osteopenic (R)			Osteoporotic (R)
	BMD hip	BMD spine	sBAP	BMD hip	BMD spine	sBAP
Sex	0.41**	0.56**	0.39**	0.72**	0.29*	0.19*
BMI (kg/m2)	0.21*	0.23*	0.31*	0.56*	0.21*	0.11*
Calcium (mg/L)	0.35*	0.45*	0.72*	0.34*	0.47*	0.38*
Manganese (mg/L)	0.21*	0.42*	0.47*	0.34*	0.782*	0.32*
Copper (mg/L)	−0.31*	−0.32*	−0.21*	−0.57*	−0.375*	−0.38*
Zinc (mg/L)	−0.25*	−0.31*	−0.47*	−0.49*	−0.75*	−0.451*

Notes: Data are presented as coefficient (R).

^*Significance at P<0.05.

^**Significance at P<0.01.

Abbreviations: sBAP, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (U/L); BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index.