Table 2.

Target organs/tissue for gender-specific carcinogenic responses in NTP rat bioassays^a.

Fraction and percentage of gender-specific carcinogens
Target organ/tissue	Clear, Some, Equivocalb				Clear, Somec
	Maled		Femaled		Maled		Femaled
Livere	16/63	25%	8/63	13%	11/55	20%	6/55	11%
Thyroid	9/32	28%	5/32	16%	5/23	22%	3/23	13%
Kidney	42/66	64%*	5/66	8%	35/57	61%*	3/57	5%
Intestine	5/16	31%*	1/16	6%	4/14	29%	1/14	7%
Forestomach	3/21	14%	0/21	0%	3/20	15%*	0/20	0%
Leukemia, Lymphoma	10/32	31%	15/32	47%	9/23	39%	8/23	35%
Adrenal gland	12/31	39%	8/31	26%	7/20	35%	4/20	20%
Lung	6/24	25%	8/24	33%	4/21	19%	7/21	33%
Vascular system	5/10	50%*	2/10	20%	4/8	50%*	1/8	13%
Urinary bladder	4/21	19%	6/21	29%	4/18	22%	2/18	17%
Mesothelium	15/18	83%*	0/18	0%	13/15	87%*	0/15	0%
Brain	3/8	38%	2/8	25%	0/2	0%	0/2	0%
Nasal cavity	4/15	27%*	0/15	0%	3/13	23%*	0/13	0%
Spleenf	4/8	50%	1/8	13%	3/7	43%	1/7	14%
Pancreas	11/14	79%*	0/14	0%	6/9	67%*	0/9	0%
Pituitary	1/5	20%	4/5	80%*	0/1	0%	0/1	0%
Skin	14/24	58%*	2/24	8%	10/20	50%*	2/20	10%
Subcutaneous tissueg	4/8	50%*	1/8	13%	4/7	57%*	0/7	0%
Oral cavity	2/15	13%	2/15	13%	2/15	13%	2/15	13%
Ureter	1/2	50%	0/2	0%	1/2	50%	0/2	0%
Weighted average		39%		16%		37%		12%

^a477 rat bioassays were analyzed in the NTP database (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/).

^bassays with Clear, Some and Equivocal evidence.

^cassays with Clear and Some evidence (see Table 1).

^dthe first column gives the fraction of gender-specific chemicals per total number of chemicals inducing tumors at respective target site, the second column gives the % of gender-specific chemicals.

^emainly hepatocellular tumors

^fdesignated as sarcomas

^gepithelial tumors

^*significantly greater than the opposite gender, p ≤ 0.05.