Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population, by Inflammation Status, as Measured by C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Level
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 255) |
Persistently Elevated CRP Level,a Subjects, No. (%) (n = 70) |
No Persistently Elevated CRP Level, Subjects, No. (%) (n = 185) |
P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 131 (53) | 37 (29) | 94 (71) | .95 |
| Female | 124 (47) | 33 (29) | 91 (71) | |
| Age, y | ||||
| <30 | 60 (24) | 15 (26) | 45 (74) | .79 |
| 30–40 | 114 (43) | 33 (31) | 81 (69) | |
| >40 | 81 (33) | 22 (28) | 59 (72) | |
| Country | ||||
| Brazil | 35 (19) | 9 (26) | 26 (74) | .09 |
| Haiti | 29 (7) | 3 (10) | 26 (90) | |
| India | 4 (2) | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | |
| Malawi | 41 (20) | 15 (37) | 26 (63) | |
| Peru | 30 (9) | 11 (37) | 19 (63) | |
| South Africa | 29 (14) | 12 (41) | 17 (59) | |
| Thailand | 26 (6) | 3 (12) | 23 (88) | |
| US | 31 (15) | 5 (16) | 26 (84) | |
| Zimbabwe | 30 (8) | 11 (37) | 19 (63) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 18 (9) | 4 (23) | 14 (77) | .50 |
| Black | 147 (58) | 44 (32) | 103 (68) | |
| Hispanic | 58 (24) | 18 (30) | 40 (70) | |
| Asian | 31 (9) | 4 (14) | 27 (86) | |
| Body mass indexc | ||||
| <18.5 | 19 (8) | 5 (30) | 14 (70) | .95 |
| 18–25 | 170 (64) | 48 (29) | 122 (71) | |
| ≥25 | 66 (28) | 17 (27) | 49 (73) | |
| Prior tuberculosis diagnosis | ||||
| No | 222 (88) | 61 (29) | 161 (71) | .93 |
| Yes | 33 (12) | 9 (11) | 24 (72) | |
| Prevalent tuberculosis at baseline | ||||
| No | 245 (96) | 66 (28) | 179 (72) | .42 |
| Yes | 10 (4) | 4 (41) | 6 (59) | |
| Prior/current AIDS | ||||
| No | 235 (92) | 62 (28) | 173 (72) | .27 |
| Yes | 20 (8) | 8 (40) | 12 (60) | |
| Hepatitis B virus antigen | ||||
| Negative | 244 (97) | 67 (29) | 177 (71) | .67 |
| Positive | 11 (3) | 3 (23) | 8 (77) | |
| Treatment arm | ||||
| A | 92 (36) | 30 (34) | 62 (66) | .21 |
| B | 84 (33) | 18 (22) | 66 (78) | |
| C | 79 (31) | 22 (29) | 57 (71) | |
| CD4+ T-cell count, cells/mm3 | ||||
| <100 | 73 (27) | 26 (36) | 47 (64) | .18 |
| 100–200 | 88 (33) | 16 (22) | 72 (78) | |
| >200 | 94 (40) | 28 (30) | 66 (70) | |
| Log viral load, copies/mL | ||||
| <5 | 114 (44) | 30 (27) | 84 (73) | .71 |
| ≥5 | 141 (56) | 40 (30) | 101 (70) | |
| Albumin level, g/dLd | ||||
| <3.5 | 61 (27) | 29 (48) | 32 (52) | .0001 |
| ≥3.5 | 194 (73) | 41 (22) | 153 (78) | |
| Anemiae | ||||
| No | 119 (47) | 22 (17) | 97 (83) | .0004 |
| Yes | 134 (53) | 47 (39) | 87 (61) | |
Abbreviation: ART, antiretroviral therapy.
a Defined as an elevated CRP level (ie, ≥5 mg/L) at both week 0 and week 24 after ART initiation.
b By weighted χ2 tests, using inverse probability weights.
c Defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared.
d An albumin level of ≤3.5 g/dL was used to define hypoalbuminemia.
e Sex-specific hemoglobin level cutoffs (males, <13.0 g/dL; nonpregnant women, <12.0 g/dL) were used to define anemia.