A, Cells grown in complete media M171 for 24 h were switched to custom media containing indicated concentrations of glutamate (0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mM) plus 100nM 1,25D or ethanol vehicle (Con). Cell density was measured after 96 h by crystal violet staining. Data is expressed as absorbance at 590nm which is proportional to cell density. B, Attached cells grown in complete media 171 for 24 h were treated with ethanol vehicle (Con), 100 nM 1,25D, 200 uM DL-TBOA, or the combination of 1,25D and DL-TBOA. After 96 h treatment, culture density was measured after 96 h by crystal violet staining. Data is expressed as absorbance at 590nm which is proportional to cell density. For both A and B, bars represent mean ± SD of triplicates. Significance is indicated by letters above the bars: those bars annotated with different letters are significantly different (p<0.05) as assessed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test.