Table 2.

All 23 Fossil Calibrations Used in This Study

Node		Minimum Soft Bound	Maximum Soft Bound	References
37	Mammalia—Root	201.1a	252.23	Herein—see below
38	Theria	156.3b	169.6c	Benton et al. (2015)
39	Marsupialia	47.6d	131.3c	Benton et al. (2015)
40	Placentalia	—	164.6b	Benton et al. (2015)
42	Xenarthra	47.6c	—	Benton et al. (2015)
43	Afrotheria	56.0b	—	Benton et al. (2015)
47	Eulipotyphla	61.6a	—	Benton et al. (2015)
49	Chiroptera	45.0a	58.9	Phillips (2015)
51	Carnivora	37.3c	66.0c	Benton et al. (2015)
52	Euungulata	62.5	—	dos Reis et al. (2012)
53	Artiodactyla	—	66.0c	Benton et al. (2015)
55	Dolphin/Cow	52.4	—	dos Reis et al. (2012)
56	Euarchontoglires	61.6a,c	—	Benton et al. (2015)
59	Lagomorpha	47.6c	66.0c	Benton et al. (2015)
60	Rodentia	56.0c	66.0c	Benton et al. (2015)
61	Guinea Pig/Rat	47.6c	59.2c	Benton et al. (2015)
63	Muridae	10.4	14.0	dos Reis et al. (2012)
64	Primates	56.0c	—	Benton et al. (2015)
65	Strepsirrhini	33.9c	56.0c	Benton et al. (2015)
67	Anthropoidea	33.9c	—	Benton et al. (2015)
68	Catarrhini	24.44a	33.9c	Benton et al. (2015)
69	Hominidae	11.6c	—	Benton et al. (2015)
71	Hominini	6.5c	10.0	Benton et al. (2015)

Note.—There are 12 joint (maximum and minimum), two maximum and nine minimum bounds with all maximum and minimum bounds being ‘soft’. Although many of the same nodes are calibrated as in dos Reis et al. (2012), only three of the calibrations are retained with all of the others being revised due to:

^aChange to a different but existing fossil.

^bDiscovery of a new fossil.

^cRevision of timescale.

^dRevision of phylogeny.