Table 1.

Descriptive statistics among sample households

Variable	Cross-section		Panel
	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment
log(Expenditures)	8.557	8.410	8.516	8.365
	(1.012)	(0.702)	(1.007)	(0.700)
Household size	3.962	5.516	4.150	5.622
	(2.212)	(1.999)	(2.259)	(2.055)
Household members who are adult (%)	0.701	0.476	0.690	0.467
Head is male (%)	0.809	0.848	0.814	0.849
Education of head (%)
None	0.098	0.122	0.093	0.118
At least some primary	0.538	0.632	0.578	0.623
At least some secondary	0.279	0.228	0.256	0.234
At least some tertiary	0.085	0.018	0.073	0.026
Native language of head (%)
Spanish	0.619	0.309	0.624	0.314
Quechua	0.283	0.648	0.278	0.639
Other	0.098	0.043	0.098	0.047
Marital status of head (%)
Married or cohabitating	0.725	0.842	0.740	0.845
Widowed, divorced, or separated	0.219	0.139	0.208	0.139
Single	0.056	0.019	0.052	0.016
Respondent is male (%)	0.276	0.175	0.267	0.174
District poverty (%)	0.060	0.099	0.060	0.101
Community type (%)
Rural, 1–140 residents	0.163	0.189	0.157	0.204
Rural, 141–400 residents	0.480	0.673	0.515	0.684
Urban, 1–400 residents	0.168	0.102	0.161	0.079
Urban, 401–4,000 residents	0.188	0.036	0.167	0.033
Region (%)
Highlands	0.601	0.911	0.610	0.908
Rainforest	0.399	0.089	0.390	0.092
Year (%)
2007	0.162	0.096	0.156	0.107
2008	0.158	0.152	0.206	0.204
2009	0.159	0.165	0.222	0.214
2010	0.156	0.165	0.279	0.298
2011	0.183	0.205	0.137	0.177
2012	0.183	0.202	-	-
Number of observations	20,529	9,717	6,032	3,014
Number of districts	416	321	228	273

Note: This table displays means of variables and standard deviations of continuous variables in parentheses. The control group consists of households from non-Juntos districts.