Table 5.

Robustness checks

	Alcohol	Tobacco	Sweets	Soft drinks
Panel A. Expenditures
Cross-section	1.337	0.044	2.100	−15.433***
	(1.570)	(0.706)	(3.206)	(4.142)
	[30,246]	[30,246]	[30,246]	[30,246]
Panel	8.568*	0.021	23.916***	−17.962*
	(4.458)	(1.451)	(8.390)	(9.970)
	[9,046]	[9,046]	[9,046]	[9,046]
Panel B. Conditional expenditures
Cross-section	69.771**	1.404	10.191**	−26.752***
	(33.008)	(8.031)	(4.579)	(7.737)
	[1,413]	[2,418]	[15,823]	[11,909]
Panel	124.537	−25.291	32.898**	−48.194**
	(225.483)	(27.263)	(14.405)	(20.996)
	[420]	[711]	[4,691]	[3,572]
Panel C. Budget shares (%), trimming propensity score at 5% and 95%
Cross-section	0.07*	0.02	0.09	−0.14
	(0.04)	(0.02)	(0.08)	(0.10)
	[17,797]	[17,797]	[17,797]	[17,797]
Panel	0.17*	0.14*	0.56***	−0.08
	(0.09)	(0.08)	(0.19)	(0.26)
	[5,477]	[5,477]	[5,477]	[5,477]
Panel D. Budget shares (%), immediate effects in 2010
Cross-section	0.15***	0.03	0.16*	−0.05
	(0.06)	(0.02)	(0.10)	(0.12)
	[18,785]	[18,785]	[18,785]	[18,785]
Panel	0.16	0.14**	0.46***	0.10
	(0.10)	(0.06)	(0.17)	(0.20)
	[7,686]	[7,686]	[7,686]	[7,686]
Panel E. Frequency of purchases per week
Cross-section	0.2302	-	0.0764**	−0.0056
	(0.1458)	-	(0.0350)	(0.0233)
	[1,413]		[15,823]	[11,909]
Panel	1.9361	-	0.1829**	−0.0263
	(1.6272)	-	(0.0896)	(0.0604)
	[420]		[4,691]	[3,572]
Panel F. Expenditures
Transfers per capita	0.0650***	0.0296***	0.0715**	0.1227***
	(0.0234)	(0.0108)	(0.0311)	(0.0391)
	[30,246]	[30,246]	[30,246]	[30,246]

Note: The cross-sectional models include the covariates listed in Table A6 and fixed effects for year, region, and community type. The panel models include a quadratic for log(expenditures) and fixed effects for year and household. Robust standard errors, clustered at the district level, are shown in parentheses. Sample sizes are shown in brackets. Significance:

^***p < 0.01

^**p < 0.05

^*p < 0.10.