Table 3. ^*Human Melanoma Cells +CVM-1118: Human Apoptosis Array.

Increase in Proteins
↑ Increase	Notes
Cleaved Caspase-3	p53 induces apoptosis by caspase activation (Schuler et al., 2000).
p-p53	Phosphorylation stabilizes p53, a tumor suppressor protein and transcription factor that activate target genes that initiate cell death (Bax) and cause growth arrest (e.g. p21; Piret et al., 2002; Abukhdier and Park, 2009). p53 induces apoptosis by caspase activation (Schuler et al., 2000). WT p53 represses VEGF expression (Ghahremani et al., 2013). p53 regulates Notch activation (Laws and Osbone, 2004). Notch is a p53 target with a role in human tumor suppression (Lefort et al., 2007).
p27	p27 is an inhibitor of cyclin E-CDK2 and acts as a tumor suppressor (Wander et al., 2011; Larrea et al., 2008). Cytokine withdrawal (activated protein kinase B [AKT]) induces apoptosis preceded by an upregulation in p27 and decrease in cell cycle (Djikes et al., 2002).
p21	Directly regulated by p53, p21 functions by inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases, though its function and location is regulated by phosphorylation of different sites on the protein (Abukhdier and Park, 2009).

^*Protein analyses performed in triplicate using R&D Systems Human Apoptosis Array.