Table 2.
Echocardiographic parameters
| PAH patients | Normal control subjects | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Two-dimensional echocardiography | |||
| LVEF (%) | 70.2 ± 6.6 | 67.4 ± 6.0 | 0.1061 |
| RVEDAI (cm2/m2) | 18.6 ± 5.5 | 10.9 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 |
| RVESAI (cm2/m2) | 12.3 ± 5.9 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | <0.0001 |
| %RVFAC (%) | 32.0 ± 11.5 | 50.5 ± 6.5 | <0.0001 |
| Maximal RAVI (ml/m2) | 38.1 ± 26.5 | 14.5 ± 2.1 | <0.0001 |
| IVC (cm) | 15.8 ± 6.0 | 10.2 ± 4.0 | 0.0056 |
| Moderate or severe TR by color Doppler | 24 (43 %) | 0 (0 %) | <0.0001 |
| TRPG (mmHg) | 77.3 ± 24.9 | 21.7 ± 4.0 | <0.0001 |
| Estimated PASP (mmHg) | 80.5 ± 26.0 | 30.6 ± 3.0 | <0.0001 |
| RA speckle tracking analysis | |||
| Peak global RALS (%) | 34.6 ± 14.1 | 58.3 ± 9.9 | <0.0001 |
| Peak global RALSR (s−1) | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | <0.0001 |
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, RVEDAI right ventricular end-diastolic area index, RVESAI right ventricular end-systolic area index, %RVFAC RV fractional area change, RAEDVI right atrial end-diastolic volume index, RAESVI right atrial end-systolic area index, RAEF right atrial ejection fraction, IVC inferior vena cava, TR tricuspid regurgitation, TRPG pressure gradient of tricuspid regurgitation measured by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RALS right atrial longitudinal strain, IAS interatrial septum, RALSR right atrial longitudinal systolic strain rate