Table 1. Assessment of geriatric conditions in the Aging Study of Pyeongchang Rural Area Cohort.
| Conditions | Definition | Follow-up schedule |
|---|---|---|
| Frailty | Frail if ≥ 3 components are present (prefrail if 1 or 2 are present; robust if none are present): | Every 3 months |
| Cardiovascular health study criteria | ||
| · Exhaustion: "moderate or most of the time during the last week" to either of the following: "I felt that everything I did was an effort" or "I could not get going." | ||
| · Low activity: physical activity level by K-PASE in the lowest quintile | ||
| · Slowness: usual gait speed < 0.8 m/sec | ||
| · Weakness: dominant handgrip strength < 26 kg for men and < 17 kg for women | ||
| · Weight loss: unintentional weight loss > 3 kg during the previous 6 months | ||
| Korean version of FRAIL criteria | Every month | |
| Fatigue: "some of the time" or "most of the time" to the following: "How much of the time during the past 4 weeks did you feel tired?" | ||
| · Resistance: positive response to the following: "By yourself and not using aids, do you have difficulty walking up 10 steps without resting?" | ||
| · Ambulation: positive response to the following: "By yourself and not using aids, do you have any difficulty walking 300 meters?" | ||
| · Illness: having > 5 diseases among the list under multimorbidity (see below) | ||
| · Loss of weight: weight loss > 5% in the past year | ||
| Multimorbidity | Having ≥ 2 chronic conditions among the following: angina, arthritis, asthma, cancer excluding minor skin cancer, chronic lung disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, heart attack, hypertension, kidney disease, stroke | Every 12 months |
| Sarcopenia | Decreased muscle mass: ASM / height2 < 7.0 kg/m2 for men and < 5.7 kg/m2 for women | Every 12 months |
| Plus, decreased physical performance: | ||
| · Decreased handgrip strength: < 26 kg for men and < 17 kg for women | ||
| · Slow gait speed: usual gait speed < 0.8 m/sec | ||
| ADL disability | Requiring assistance from another person in performing any of the following 7 activities: bathing, continence, dressing, eating, toileting, transferring, washing face and hands | Every 3 months |
| IADL disability | Requiring assistance from another person in performing any of the following 10 activities: food preparation, doing household chores, going out short distance, grooming, handling finances, laundry, managing own medications, shopping, transportation, telephone | Every 3 months |
| Cognitive dysfunction | Mini-Mental State Examination score < 24 points | Every 12 months |
| Depression | The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score ≥ 21 points | Every 12 months |
| Dismobility | Usual gait speed < 0.6 m/sec | Every 12 months |
| Fall | History of fall in the past year | Every months |
| Malnutrition | Malnutrition if the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form score < 8 points | Every 3 months |
| At risk for malnutrition if the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form score 8-11 points | ||
| Normal nutrition if the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form score 12-14 points | ||
| Polypharmacy | Regularly taking ≥ 5 medications | Every 12 months |
| Incontinence | Positive response to the question "Can you urinate or defecate without dribbling or wetting your clothes?" | Every 12 months |
ADL, activity of daily living; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living; K-PASE, Korean version of Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly.