Figure 14.

We have shown earlier that REMSD increases apoptosis in the rat brain and that is mediated by REMSD-associated elevated NA level in the brain (1). We have also shown that REMSD reduces intracellular Ca²⁺ (68) and NA reduces Ca²⁺ influx (69). Combining those findings with the results of this study that the REMSD-associated neuronal apoptosis follows mitochondrial intrinsic pathway, we have traced the molecular pathway, which has been schematically represented in this figure.