. 2016 Mar 7;10:84. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00084

Table 4.

ffect of Panax quinquefolius (GIN) on anxiety like behavior as represented by the Mirror Chamber Test performance and its interaction with GABA modulators in 72-h sleep deprived animals.

S. No	Treatment Groups (mg/kg)	Latency to enter mirror cube (seconds)	Number of entries in mirror cube	Time spent in mirror cube (seconds)
1	Naïve	55.41, 7.54	8.42, 1.23	89.13, 6.25
2	Control (SD-72 h)	174.40, 9.66^a	1.27, 0.61^a	24.08, 0.75^a
3	GIN (50)	160.27, 8.91^a	2.35, 0.42^a	32.13, 4.43^a
4	GIN (100)	99.56, 4.02^b^,^c	5.62, 0.3^b^,^c	53.34, 4.77^b^,^c
5	GIN (200)	73.14, 6.04^b^,^c	6.01, 0.4^b^,^c	67.42, 5.14^b^,^c
6	PTX (0.5)	176.62, 7.13^a	1.39, 0.44^a	26.14, 1.92^a
7	PTX (0.5) + GIN (100)	161.26, 5.61^a^,^d	1.97, 0.47^a^,^d	31.43, 3.12^a^,^d
8	FLU (0.5)	178.45, 5.01^a	1.51, 0.44^a	27.43, 2.12^a
9	FLU (0.5) + GIN (100)	157.51, 6.64^a^,^d	2.22, 0.88^a^,^d	34.17, 3.22^a^,^d
10	MUS (0.05)	165.23, 3.11^a	2.01, 0.81^a	30.71, 1.46^a
11	MUS (0.05) + GIN (100)	67.43, 1.79^b^,^d^,^e	9.62, 1.1^b^,^d^,^e	82.34, 4.04^b^,^d^,^e

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

p < 0.05 as compared with naive,

p < 0.05 as compared with control (SD-72),

p < 0.05 as compared with GIN (50 mg/kg),

p < 0.05 as compared with GIN (100 mg/kg),

p < 0.05 as compared with MUS (0.05 mg/kg).

(One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test). SD-72, Sleep deprivation of 72-h; GIN, Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng); PTX, Picrotoxin; FLU, Flumazenil; MUS, Muscimol.