Table 1.
List of included studies on aging and MCI-related network changes.
| Neuroimaging techniques | Reference | Target | Control | Cognitive task | Mainly related brain regions/networks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fMRI | Cabeza et al., 2002 | Low-performing and high-performing older adults | Young adults | Recall and source memory | Prefrontal cortex (PFC) |
| fMRI | Madden et al., 2010 | Older adults | Young adults | Task switching | Fronto-parietal (FP) network |
| fMRI | Grady et al., 2010 | Aging | Younger adults | Visual tasks: detection, perceptual matching, attentional cueing, and working memory | The DMN and the task-positive network (TPN) |
| fMRI | Bai et al., 2011 | Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) | Normal aging | None | Temporal correlations, subcortical and frontal cortex |
| fMRI | Turner and Spreng, 2012 | Older adults | Young adults | Executive control processing (including working memory and inhibition) | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor cortex and left inferior parietal lobule (working memory); right inferior frontal gyrus and presupplementary motor area (inhibition) |
| fMRI | Onoda et al., 2012 | Aging | Younger adults | Resting-state | Salience network (consisted of the bilateral insula and the anterior cingulated cortex), internetwork connectivities (salience to auditory, default mode to visual, etc.) |
| fMRI | Tomasi and Volkow, 2012 | Aging | Younger adults | Resting-state | DMN, dorsal attention network (DAN), somatosensory and subcortical networks |
| fMRI | Zhou et al., 2013 | MCI and AD | Normal cognition | Resting-state | Thalamo-default mode network and thalamocortical connectivity |
| fMRI | Liu et al., 2014a | AD and aMCI | Normal aging | Resting-state | DMN, global and nodal network efficiency |
| fMRI | Zhou et al., 2015 | AD and MCI | Normal cognition | Resting-state | Functional connectivities throughout the brain (included DMN, temporal lobe) |
| EEG | Kikuchi et al., 2000 | Aging | Younger adults | At rest and during photic stimulation | Interhemispheric functional connectivity |
| EEG | Gaál et al., 2010 | Elderly subjects | Younger subjects | While eyes opening | Posterior area, frontal area |
| EEG | Deiber et al., 2013 | Elderly adults | Young adults | The attention network test (ANT) | Midparietal alpha inhibition and posterior alpha activation |
| EEG | Gola et al., 2013 | Elderly subjects | Young controls | Simple visual attention task | Beta-band power of EEG signals recorded over occipital regions |
| EEG | Vecchio et al., 2014 | AD and MCI | Elderly subjects | – | Delta, theta, and alpha 1 bands of brain cortical recordings |
| EEG | Knyazev et al., 2015 | Elderly subjects | Young controls | – | Beta and gamma band networks (including posterior cortical regions and anterior attentional system) |
| EEG | Moretti, 2015 | MCI due to AD | – | – | Temporoparietal area |
| MEG | Buldú et al., 2011 | MCI | Healthy controls | During a memory task | The whole functional network architecture |
| MEG | López et al., 2014 | Aging with high cognitive reserve (CR) | Aging with low CR | – | The dynamics of functional connectivity |
| MEG | Pineda-Pardo et al., 2014 | aMCI | Healthy controls | Resting-state | The whole brain connectivity |
| PET | Seo et al., 2013 | MCI and AD | Cognitively normal | Resting-state | A small-world property, the DMN |
| PET | Oh and Jagust, 2013 | Normal older people | Young subjects | Memory encoding of visual scenes | Task-independent functional connectivity between parahippocampal gyrus and prefrontal cortex |
| PET | Sanabria-Diaz et al., 2013 | MCI and AD | Normal healthy controls | Resting-state | Global and local network properties |
| PET | Liu et al., 2014b | Normal aging | Younger subjects | Resting-state | A small-world network, association and paralimbic cortex regions |