Table 2.
Factors Associated with Late Presentation at First Positive HIV Test
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients No. | Late presenters (%) | OR | 95% CI | p-value | Global p-valuea | OR | 95% CI | p-value | Global p-valuea | |
| Year of first positive test | ||||||||||
| 2003–2006 | 1395 | 906 (65) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 2007–2009 | 1476 | 1128 (76) | 1.00 | (0.82–1.24) | 0.969 | 1.10 | (0.89–1.37) | 0.381 | ||
| 2010–2012 | 873 | 647 (74) | 1.13 | (0.88–1.46) | 0.348 | 0.591 | 1.21 | (0.93–1.58) | 0.150 | 0.344 |
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| ≤30 | 1320 | 835 (63) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 31–40 | 1436 | 1075 (75) | 1.74 | (1.46–2.07) | <0.001 | 1.57 | (1.31–1.88) | <0.001 | ||
| 41–50 | 675 | 534 (79) | 2.28 | (1.80–2.89) | <0.001 | 2.01 | (1.58–2.56) | <0.001 | ||
| ≥51 | 313 | 237 (76) | 2.03 | (1.49–2.76) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.69 | (1.23–2.31) | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 2691 | 1984 (74) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Female | 1053 | 697 (66) | 0.44 | (0.37–0.53) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.44 | (0.36–0.53) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HIV exposure category | ||||||||||
| Heterosexual contact | 2394 | 1782 (74) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Homosexual contact | 684 | 378 (55) | 0.54 | (0.42–0.68) | <0.001 | 0.45 | (0.35–0.58) | <0.001 | ||
| Injecting drug use | 343 | 311 (91) | 2.88 | (1.92–4.31) | <0.001 | 2.15 | (1.42–3.27) | <0.001 | ||
| Otherb | 323 | 210 (65) | 0.82 | (0.62–1.08) | 0.163 | <0.001 | 0.76 | (0.57–1.02) | 0.068 | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis B coinfection | ||||||||||
| Negative | 2650 | 1942 (73) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Positive | 327 | 244 (75) | 1.02 | (0.77–1.35) | 0.887 | 0.94 | (0.71–1.26) | 0.700 | ||
| Not tested | 767 | 495 (65) | 0.83 | (0.67–1.03) | 0.092 | 0.887 | 0.84 | (0.67–1.05) | 0.116 | 0.700 |
| Hepatitis C coinfection | ||||||||||
| Negative | 2306 | 1664 (72) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Positive | 456 | 388 (85) | 1.84 | (1.36–2.49) | <0.001 | 1.11 | (0.71–1.56) | 0.556 | ||
| Not tested | 982 | 629 (64) | 0.73 | (0.60–0.90) | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.72 | (0.59–0.89) | 0.002 | 0.556 |
a
Global p-values indicate tests for heterogeneity, excluding untested or missing values.
b
Includes those exposed to blood products and unknown exposures.
p-values in bold represent significant covariates in the final model. Nonsignificant factors are presented in the significant predictor adjusted multivariate model. Late presentation was defined as a CD4 cell count <200 cells/μl or an AIDS-defining event (CDC Category C) within 3 months of the first positive test.
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.