Table 2.
Retrospective Reports of Drug Use, Sexual Risk Behavior, and Other Risk Behavior
| Percentage | Adjusted analysesa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavior | Less-than-weekly energy drink use (n = 571) | Weekly energy drink use (n = 303) | W (p) | Odds ratio (95% CI) |
| Past year drug use | ||||
| Cigarettes | 28 | 56 | 56.0 (<0.0001) | 3.27 (2.40–4.45) |
| Cannabis | 38 | 56 | 23.0 (<0.0001) | 2.06 (1.53–2.76) |
| Sedatives (e.g., Valium, Xanax) | 13 | 24 | 16.2 (<0.0001) | 2.17 (1.48–3.16) |
| Prescription stimulants (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall) | 9 | 20 | 23.2 (<0.0001) | 2.81 (1.85–4.29) |
| Illicit stimulants (e.g., cocaine, crystal meth) | 6 | 22 | 37.9 (<0.0001) | 4.11 (2.62–6.44) |
| Prescription opioids (e.g., Vicodin, OxyContin) | 12 | 27 | 30.6 (<0.0001) | 2.87 (1.97–4.17) |
| Illicit opioids (e.g., heroin, opium) | 2 | 6 | 8.5 (0.004) | 3.51 (1.51–8.20) |
| Other (e.g., ecstasy, LSD, bath salts) | 9 | 19 | 17.9 (<0.0001) | 2.47 (1.63–3.76) |
| Past year sexual risk behavior | ||||
| Unprotected sex (with someone other than spouse) | 45 | 63 | 34.2 (<0.0001) | 2.53 (1.82–3.51) |
| Taken advantage of someone sexually or been taken advantage of by someone sexually | 4 | 14 | 13.3 (<0.001) | 2.89 (1.64–5.12) |
| Sex with someone who was drunk or high | 41 | 66 | 51.5 (<0.0001) | 3.04 (2.24–4.12) |
| Sex while drunk or high | 43 | 69 | 54.7 (<0.0001) | 3.20 (2.35–4.35) |
| Sex with someone not known very well | 15 | 31 | 26.1 (<0.0001) | 2.52 (1.77–3.60) |
| Sex that was later regretted | 15 | 22 | 9.7 (0.002) | 1.81 (1.25–2.63) |
| Past year other risk behavior | ||||
| Physical fight | 4 | 14 | 21.0 (<0.0001) | 3.60 (2.08–6.24) |
| Drove/rode in vehicle without wearing safety belt | 43 | 53 | 11.0 (0.001) | 1.64 (1.22–2.87) |
| Drove while intoxicated | 14 | 30 | 23.7 (<0.0001) | 2.40 (1.69–3.41) |
| Rode with intoxicated driver | 21 | 37 | 22.4 (<0.0001) | 2.16 (1.57–2.96) |
| Activity that led to arrest of self or other | 2 | 6 | 8.4 (0.004) | 3.43 (1.49–7.88) |
| Activity that led to injury of self or other | 8 | 12 | 2.1 (0.15) | 1.43 (0.88–2.31) |
| Dangerous/risky activity on dare | 9 | 19 | 15.4 (<0.0001) | 2.38 (1.55–3.67) |
| Played extreme sport | 16 | 26 | 9.6 (0.002) | 1.77 (1.23–2.54) |
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race, employment status, education, income, and marital status. All p-values in bold represent significant group differences between weekly energy drink users and less-than-weekly energy drink users at α = 0.05.