Table 1.

Baseline and clinical characteristics of the study cohorts

Variable	Preimplementation cohort (n=35 513)	Postimplementation cohort (n=25 779)	Difference (95% CI)
Age (years)	63.1±12.9	63.3±12.7	0.23 (0.02 to 0.43)
Male sex	18 822 (53%)	153 921 (54%)	1.0 (1.8 to 0.20)
Hispanic ethnicity	7103 (20%)	5929 (23%)	3.0 (3.6 to 2.3)
Black race	11 009 (31%)	7476 (29%)	−2 (−1.26 to −2.75)
White race	21 663 (61%)	17 272 (67%)	6 (6.76 to 5.24)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	29.4±8.2	30.1±8.0	0.77 (0.64 to 0.90)
Predialysis systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	150.7±19.4	150.8±19.1	0.11 (−0.20 to 0.42)
Predialysis diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	76.0±11.4	76.3±11.4	0.34 (0.15 to 0.52)
Albumin (g/dL)	3.47±0.43	3.50±0.42	0.02 (0.02 to 0.03)
Calcium (mg/dL)	8.69±0.61	8.68±0.60	−0.01 (−0.02 to 0.00)
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	4.92±1.18	4.92±1.10	−0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01)
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	11.7±1.2	11.3±1.1	−0.41 (−0.43 to −0.39)
Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL)	154.6±45.8	149.7±45.4	−4.87 (−5.73 to −4.01)
Central venous catheter	26 280 (74%)	18 560 (72%)	−2.0 (−1.28 to −2.70)
Interdialytic weight gain (kg)	2.46±0.92	2.25±0.87	−0.21 (−0.22 to −0.20)
Equilibrated Kt/V	1.35±0.34	1.47±0.38	0.12 (0.12 to 0.13)
Hemodialysis treatment time (minutes)	218.7±23.1	223.3±21.7	5.54 (5.18 to 5.90)
enPCR (g/kg BW/day)	0.77±0.22	0.81±0.24	0.04 (0.04 to 0.04)
Peripheral artery disease	5682 (16%)	4382 (17%)	1.00 (1.61 to 040)
Congestive heart failure	10 654 (30%)	8507 (33%)	2.99 (3.76 to 2.26)
Cardiac dysrhythmias	3551 (10%)	2836 (11%)	1.00 (1.49 to 0.51)
Hypertension	22 018 (62%)	18 561 (72%)	10.00 (10.75 to 9.26)
Ischemic heart disease	9233 (26%)	7218 (28%)	2.00 (2.71 to 1.29)
Myocardial infarction	1421 (4%)	1031 (4%)	0.00 (0.32 to −0.31)
Infection	3196 (9%)	2062 (8%)	−1.00 (−0.55 to −1.45)

BW, body weight; enPCR, equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate.