Table 5.

Three-level logistic regression for determinants of the early initiation of BF, 2011 (n=1,347)

Factor		Empty model	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)
Fixed effects
Individual level
Demographic factors	Mother's age (years)		0.99 (0.97–1.01)	0.99 (0.97–1.01)
	Ethnicity
	Non-Kinh	Ref
	Kinh		0.88 (0.56–1.40)	0.92 (0.58–1.47)
	Area
	Urban	Ref
	Rural		0.76 (0.57–1.03)	0.75 (0.56–1.02)
Socioeconomic factors	Wealth index
	Richest	Ref
	Fourth		0.63 (0.42–0.93)	0.62 (0.41–0.92)
	Middle		0.74 (0.48–1.15)	0.73 (0.47–1.15)
	Second		0.96 (0.59–1.55)	0.96 (0.59–1.57)
	Poorest		0.88 (0.51–1.53)	0.85 (0.49–1.48)
	Education of mother
	Tertiary	Ref
	Upper secondary		0.95 (0.65–1.40)	0.96 (0.65–1.41)
	Lower secondary		1.09 (0.75–1.59)	1.06 (0.72–1.55)
	Primary		0.89 (0.55–1.44)	0.86 (0.52–1.41)
	No education		0.92 (0.45–1.86)	0.84 (0.41–1.73)
	Marital status
	Living with spouse	Ref
	Widowed/divorced/separated		1.73 (0.55–5.46)	1.74 (0.55–5.56)
	Never married		0.33 (0.04–2.85)	0.35 (0.04–3.04)
Delivery-related factors	Size of child at birth
	Smaller than average	Ref
	Average		1.02 (0.69–1.50)	1.05 (0.72–1.55)
	Larger than average		0.82 (0.48–1.40)	0.83 (0.48–1.42)
	Place of delivery
	At home	Ref
	Government hospital		0.71 (0.40–1.27)	0.78 (0.43–1.39)
	Other public health facility		0.91 (0.51–1.63)	1.00 (0.55–1.80)
	Private health sector		0.82 (0.38–1.73)	0.86 (0.40–1.87)
	Prenatal care visits
	Yes
	No		0.81 (0.43–1.52)	0.85 (0.40–1.87)
Provincial level
% women with three children or more				**1.06 (1.02–1.11)
% poverty				0.99 (0.96–1.02)
Random effects
Regional (variance)		0.089	0.038	0.051
Provincial (variance)		0.673	0.617	0.671
ICCregion (%)		2.2	1.0	1.3
ICCprovince (%)		18.8	16.6	18.0

*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

***p<0.001. ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient.