Table 7.

Analysis for determinants of the early initiation of BF, 2011 (including delivery mode variable) (N=1,029)

Factors		Empty model	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)
Fixed effects
Individual level
Demographic factors	Mother's age (years)		1.02 (0.99–1.05)	1.02 (0.99–1.05)
	Ethnicity
	Non-Kinh	Ref
	Kinh		0.88 (0.52–1.49)	0.94 (0.55–1.60)
	Area
	Urban	Ref
	Rural		0.75 (0.53–1.06)	0.73 (0.52–1.04)
Socioeconomic factors	Wealth index
	Richest	Ref
	Fourth		†0.63 (0.39–1.00)	*0.61 (0.38–0.98)
	Middle		0.71 (0.43–1.18)	0.69 (0.41–1.15)
	Second		0.82 (0.47–1.43)	0.79 (0.45–1.39)
	Poorest		0.87 (0.46–1.53)	0.80 (0.42–1.51)
	Education of mother
	Tertiary	Ref
	Upper secondary		0.82 (0.53–1.28)	0.83 (0.53–1.29)
	Lower secondary		0.87 (0.56–1.35)	0.87 (0.56–1.36)
	Primary		0.61 (0.34–1.09)	0.61 (0.34–1.10)
	No education		0.79 (0.30–2.08)	0.76 (0.28–2.02)
	Marital status
	Living with spouse	Ref
	Widowed/divorced/separated		1.53 (0.35–6.56)	1.60 (0.37–6.87)
	Never married		0.53 (0.05–5.56)	0.51 (0.05–5.31)
Delivery-related factors	Size of child at birth
	Smaller than average	Ref
	Average		0.84 (0.53–1.35)	0.86 (0.54–1.37)
	Larger than average		0.59 (0.30–1.14)	0.58 (0.30–1.13)
	Delivery mode
	No Caesarian section	Ref
	Caesarian section		***0.10 (0.06–0.17)	***0.10 (0.06–0.17)
	Visit to prenatal care
	Yes
	No		1.15 (0.43–3.08)	1.14 (0.42–3.04)
Provincial level
% women with three children or more				1.03 (0.98–1.04)
% poverty				1.01 (0.98–1.05)
Random effects
Regional (variance)		0.051	0.046	0.028
Provincial (variance)		0.440	0.537	0.527
ICCregion (%)		1.4	1.2	0.7
ICCprovince (%)		13.0	15.1	14.4

^*p<0.05

**p<0.01

^***p<0.001

^†marginally significant at p=0.05.