Table 4.

Different adiposity indicators affecting serum 25(OH)D level after being adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, sun avoidance score and systolic blood pressure ^a

	Unstandardized B
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Age	0.022	0.033	0.030	0.005
Gender	−7.485**	−7.461**	−7.918**	−7.426**
Ethnicity
Chinese	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Malays	−9.030**	−8.512**	−8.763**	−9.046**
Indians	−9.550**	−9.070**	−9.138**	−9.241**
Others	−5.473	−4.965	−5.289	−2.845
Sun avoidance score	−0.047	−0.081	−0.055	0.413
Systolic blood pressure	0.001	0.013	0.011	0.011
BMI		−0.140*
Waist circumference			−0.052*
Fat percentage (%)				−0.016
R 2	32.0 %	32.8 %	32.6 %	32.3 %

^a PTH was excluded in the analysis as it is an outcome of serum 25(OH)D level

** p < 0.001, *p < 0.05

Gender: Males = 1, Females = 2

Model 1 = Controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, sun avoidance score, systolic blood pressure

Model 2 = Model 1 + BMI

Model 3 = Model 1 + Waist Circumference

Model 4 = Model 1 + Fat Percentage (%)