Table 4.
Placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials included in this review
| References | Diagnosis | Intervention | HAMA | HADS | HAMD | Other | Anxiety |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bose et al36 | GAD | Escitalopram 10–20 mg/d; venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Boyer et al37 | GAD | Venlafaxine 37.5–150 mg/d | SARS; CGI-S | Significant improvement | |||
| Davidson et al38 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75 mg/d or 150 mg/d | X | X | CGI-S | Significantly superior to placebo | |
| Davidson et al39 | GAD | Duloxetine 60–120 mg/d | X | X | SDS | Significant improvement Reduced relapse |
|
| Gelenberg et al40 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75 mg/d, 150 mg/d, or 225 mg/d | X | CGI-I; CGI-S | Significant improvement | ||
| Hackett et al41 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75 mg/d or 150 mg/d; diazepam 15 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I | Significant improvement | |
| Hartford et al42 | GAD | Duloxetine 60–120 mg/d; venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | X | Significant improvement | ||
| Haskins et al43 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75 mg/d, 150 mg/d, or 225 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I; CAS | Significant improvement | |
| Haskins et al44 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75 mg/d or 150 mg/d; buspirone 30 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I; CAS | Significant improvement | |
| Haskins et al45 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I; CAS | Significant improvement | |
| Kasper et al46 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d; pregabalin 300–600 mg/d | X | CGI-I; CGI-S | Significant improvement | ||
| Koponen et al47 | GAD | Duloxetine 60–120 mg/d | X | X | Significant improvement | ||
| Lenox-Smith and Reynolds48 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75 mg/d | X | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Meoni et al49 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | Reduction in severity of anxiety | ||||
| Meoni et al50 | GAD | Venlafaxine 37.5–225 mg/d | X | Significant improvement | |||
| Montgomery et al51 | GAD | Pregabalin 400 mg/d or 600 mg/d; venlafaxine 75 mg/d | X | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Nicolini et al52 | GAD | Duloxetine 20–120 mg/d; venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | CGI-I | Significantly superior to placebo | ||
| Nimatoudis et al53 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75–150 mg/d | X | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Rickels et al54 | GAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I; CGI-S | Significantly superior to placebo | |
| Rickels et al55 | GAD | Venlafaxine 37.5–225 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I | Lower relapse rate | |
| Rynn et al56 | GAD | Duloxetine 60–120 mg/d | X | SDS; CGI-I | Significant improvement One patient in the duloxetine group reported anxiety as an SAE |
||
| Wu et al57 | GAD | Duloxetine 60–120 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I; SDS | Significant improvement | |
| Lecrubier et al58 | MDD | Venlafaxine 75–150 mg/d; imipramine 75–150 mg/d | BSA; SCL-90; SARS; CGI-I; CGI-S | Significant improvement | |||
| Liebowitz et al59 | MDD | Desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d or 100 mg/d | X | No anxiety reported | |||
| Stahl et al25 | MDD | Reboxetine 8–10 mg/d | X | Significant improvement | |||
| Blanchard et al60 | Mild to moderate depression | Venlafaxine 75 or 150 mg/d; imipramine 75 mg/d or 150 mg/d | BSA; CGI-I; SARS | Significant improvement | |||
| Feighner et al61 | MDD with anxiety symptoms | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | MADRS | Significant improvement | ||
| Khan et al62 | MDD GAD |
Venlafaxine 75–200 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I | Significantly superior to placebo | |
| Kroenke et al63 | Multisomatoform + MDD or GAD or SAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I; CGI-S | Significant improvement | |
| Salinas et al64 | Depression | Venlafaxine 75–150 mg/d; fluoxetine 20 mg/d | X | X | Significant improvement | ||
| Silverstone and Ravindran65 | MDD with anxiety | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d; fluoxetine 20–60 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I | Significantly superior to fluoxetine | |
| Silverstone and Salinas66 | MDD/GAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d; fluoxetine 20–60 mg/d | X | X | CGI-I | Significantly superior to fluoxetine | |
| Bradwejn et al67 | Panic disorder | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | CGI-I; CGI-S; PAAS; Phobia Scale | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Ferguson et al68 | Panic disorder | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | CGI-I; panic attacks | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Liebowitz et al69 | Panic disorder | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | CGI-I; PAAS; PDSS; Phobia Scale | Significantly superior to placebo | ||
| Lydiard et al70 | Panic disorder | Desipramine 200 mg/day | X | Phobia Scale | Significantly superior to placebo | ||
| Pollack et al71 | Panic disorder | Venlafaxine 100–225 mg/d | X | X | MSPRS; CGI-I; SDS | Significantly superior to placebo | |
| Pollack et al72 | Panic disorder | Venlafaxine 75 mg/d or 225 mg/d; paroxetine 40 mg/d | X | PAAS; PDSS | Significantly superior to placebo | ||
| Pollack et al73 | Panic disorder | Venlafaxine 75–150 mg/d; paroxetine 40 mg/d | X | CGI-I; CGI-S; PDSS; SDS | Significantly superior to placebo | ||
| Sasson et al74 | Panic disorder | Both desipramine and clomipramine 50–300 mg/d | X | NIMH-GA; ZAI; SSAS | Significant improvement | ||
| Versiani et al75 | Panic disorder | Reboxetine 6–8 mg/d | X | CGI-I; SCL-90; SPAAS | Significantly superior to placebo | ||
| Davidson et al76 | PTSD | Venlafaxine 37.5–300 mg/d | CAPS-SX17; SDS | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Davidson et al77 | PTSD | Venlafaxine 37.5–300 mg/d; sertraline 25–200 mg/d | CAPS-SX17; DTS | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Allgulander et al78 | SAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d; paroxetine 20–50 mg/d | LSAS; SPIN | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Liebowitz et al79 | SAD/GSAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d; paroxetine 20 mg/d or 50 mg/d | X | LSAS; CGI-S; CGI-I; SPIN | Significantly superior to placebo | ||
| Liebowitz et al80 | SAD/GSAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | X | LSAS; CGI-S; CGI-I; SPIN | Significantly superior to placebo | ||
| Ravindran et al81 | SAD/GSAD | Atomoxetine 40–100 mg/d | LSAS | No change in anxiety | |||
| Rickels et al82 | GSAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | LSAS; CGI-S; CGI-I; SPIN | Significantly superior to placebo | |||
| Stein et al83 | SAD/GSAD | Venlafaxine 75–225 mg/d | CGI-I; LSAS | Significant improvement | |||
| Boulenger et al84 | MDD | Duloxetine 60 mg/d; vortioxetine 15 mg/d and 20 mg/d | X | MADRS; CGI-I | Significant improvement | ||
| Mahableshwarkar et al85 | GAD | Duloxetine 60 mg/d; vortioxetine 5 mg/d and 10 mg/d | X | X | MADRS; CGI-S | Significant improvement | |
| Pollack et al86 | SAD (refractory) | Venlafaxine 225 mg/d; sertraline 50 mg/d | X | LSAS; MADRS; SDS; CGI-I | Significant improvement |
Abbreviations: BSA, Brief Scale for Anxiety; CAPS-SX17, 17-item Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CAS, Covi Anxiety Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression – Improvement score; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression – Severity of Illness score; d, days; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; GSAD, generalized social anxiety disorder; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; LSAS, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MDD, major depression; MSPRS, Marks-Sheehan Phobia Rating Scale; NIMH-GA, National Institute of Mental Health – Global Anxiety Scale; PAAS, Panic and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale; PDSS, Panic Disorder Severity Scale; PTSD, posttraumatic stress syndrome; SAD, social anxiety disorder; SAE, serious adverse event; SARS, Social Adjustment Rating Scale; SCL-90, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SPAAS, Sheehan Panic Attack and Anxiety Scale; SPIN, Social Phobia Inventory; SSAS, Spielberger State Anxiety Scale; ZAI, Zung Anxiety Index.