Table 8.

Examples of inferred drug drug interactions and supportive evidence from literature

Drugs with interaction	Enzyme	Evidence
Carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine quinidine	CYP3A4	We performed a study in healthy volunteers to investigate the relative inductive effect of CBZ and OXCZ on CYP3A4 activity using the metabolism of quinidine as a biomarker reaction…We confirm a clinically significant inductive effect of both OXCZ and CBZ. (PMID: 17346248)
Lidocaine fluvoxamine	CYP1A2	Lidocaine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and CYP1A2 enzymes…We conclude that inhibition of CYP1A2 by fluvoxamine considerably reduces the presystemic metabolism of oral lidocaine… (PMID: 16918719)
Quinidine itraconazole	CYP3A4	Quinidine is eliminated mainly by CYP3A4-mediated metabolism… Itraconazole increases plasma concentrations of oral quinidine, probably by inhibiting the CYP3A4 isozyme during the first-pass and elimination phases of quinidine. (PMID: 9390107)
Propofol orphenadrine	CYP2B6	Involvement of human liver cytochrome P4502B6 in the metabolism of propofol… orphenadrine, a CYP2B6 inhibitor, reduced the rate constant of propofol by liver microsomes by 38 % (P < 0.05)… (PMID: 11298076)
Rifalazil fluconazole	CYP3A4	Rifalazil-32-hydroxylation in microsomes was completely inhibited by CYP3A4-specific inhibitors (fluconazole, …) … indicating that the enzyme responsible for the rifalazil-32-hydroxylation is CYP3A4. (PMID: 10923859)