Table 2.
Distribution of refuted and confirmed COPD cases by regions, hospital ranking, reporting sources, sex, and age
| Number | Refuted cases n (%) | Confirmed COPD cases n (%) | aPPV % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N) | 1,069 | 71 (6.6) | 911 (85.2) | 85 (83–87) |
| Reporting source | ||||
| HI only | 961 | 71 (7.4) | 806 (83.9) | 84 (81–87) |
| Death registry and HI | 108 | 0 (0.0) | 105 (97.2) | 97 (94–100) |
| Hospital tierb | ||||
| Top rank (Tier 3) | 365 | 25 (6.8) | 303 (83.0) | 83 (78–86) |
| Medium rank (Tier 2) | 290 | 9 (3.1) | 259 (89.3) | 89 (85–93) |
| Low rank (Tier 1) | 349 | 27 (7.7) | 299 (85.7) | 86 (83–91) |
| Admission year | ||||
| 2004–2007 | 104 | 6 (5.8) | 92 (88.5) | 88 (82–95) |
| 2008 | 187 | 8 (4.3) | 168 (89.8) | 90 (85–94) |
| 2009 | 228 | 15 (6.6) | 191 (83.8) | 84 (78–89) |
| 2010 | 231 | 19 (8.2) | 190 (82.3) | 82 (77–88) |
| 2011–2013 | 319 | 23 (7.2) | 270 (84.6) | 85 (80–89) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 611 | 23 (3.8) | 547 (89.5) | 89 (87–92) |
| Female | 458 | 48 (10.5) | 364 (79.5) | 79 (75–84) |
| Age groups (in years) | ||||
| <60 | 210 | 23 (11.0) | 166 (79.0) | 79 (73–85) |
| 60–69 | 397 | 22 (5.5) | 339 (85.4) | 85 (82–89) |
| 70+ | 462 | 26 (5.6) | 406 (87.9) | 88 (85–91) |
| Regions | ||||
| Urban | 531 | 35 (6.6) | 434 (81.7) | 82 (78–85) |
| Qingdao | 120 | 3 (2.5) | 105 (87.5) | 87 (81–94) |
| Harbin | 123 | 3 (2.4) | 100 (81.3) | 81 (74–89) |
| Haikou | 40 | 3 (7.5) | 37 (92.5) | 92 (84–100) |
| Suzhou | 125 | 8 (6.4) | 106 (84.8) | 85 (78–92) |
| Liuzhou | 123 | 18 (14.6) | 86 (69.9) | 70 (60–80) |
| Rural | 538 | 36 (6.7) | 477 (88.7) | 89 (86–91) |
| Sichuan | 117 | 4 (3.4) | 110 (94.0) | 94 (90–98) |
| Gansu | 79 | 13 (16.5) | 58 (73.4) | 73 (62–85) |
| Henan | 113 | 15 (13.3) | 93 (82.3) | 82 (74–90) |
| Zhejiang | 115 | 3 (2.5) | 108 (93.9) | 94 (89–98) |
| Hunan | 114 | 1 (0.9) | 108 (94.7) | 95 (91–99) |
Notes:
a
Positive predictive value (subjects with confirmed COPD cases/total subjects selected for COPD adjudication) rounded up to no decimal place;
b
hospital tier not available for 65 cases. Out of total 1,069 cases, 71 were refuted cases with no respiratory diagnoses and 87 cases were misdiagnosed as CODP although they were other respiratory diseases.
Abbreviations: PPV, positive predictive value; HI, health insurance; CI, confidence interval.