Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Cases (N=1905) N(%) |
Controls (N=2413) N(%) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Mean (SD)a | 60.69 (10.67) | 60.78 (10.43) | 0.79 |
| Gendera | |||
| Male | 1006 (52.81) | 1232 (51.06) | |
| Female | 899 (47.19) | 1181 (48.94) | 0.25 |
| Smoking Status | |||
| Never | 311 (16.33) | 593 (24.58) | |
| Former | 814 (42.73) | 988 (40.94) | |
| Current | 780 (40.94) | 832 (34.48) | <0.001 |
| Pack Years in Ever Smokers, Mean (SD) | 49.85 (31.00) | 42.32 (30.33) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Underweight/Normal | 841 (44.15) | 774 (32.08) | |
| Overweight | 688 (36.12) | 955 (39.58) | |
| Obese | 376 (19.74) | 684 (28.35) | <0.001 |
| Physical Activityb | |||
| Low | 618 (39.34) | 666 (31.28) | |
| Medium | 460 (29.28) | 649 (30.48) | |
| High | 493 (31.38) | 814 (38.23) | <0.001 |
| Years of Educationb | |||
| Less than 12 | 792 (41.62) | 603 (25.03) | |
| 12 to 15 | 558 (29.32) | 825 (34.25) | |
| 16+ | 553 (29.06) | 981 (40.72) | <0.001 |
| Family History of Cancerb | |||
| No | 1442 (76.97) | 2016 (83.90) | |
| Yes | 456 (24.03) | 387 (16.10) | 0.001 |
| Emphysemab | |||
| No | 1547 (82.11) | 2250 (93.36) | |
| Yes | 337 (17.89) | 160 (6.64) | <0.001 |
| Pneumoniab | |||
| No | 1114 (58.94) | 1717 (71.30) | |
| Yes | 776 (41.06) | 691 (28.70) | <0.001 |
| Hay feverb | |||
| No | 1591 (84.63) | 1897 (78.68) | |
| Yes | 289 (15.37) | 514 (21.32) | <0.001 |
| Histologic Subtypec | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1071 (57.06) | NA | |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 446 (23.76) | NA | |
| Other | 360 (19.18) | NA | |
| Dietary Factors | |||
| Glycemic Load, Mean (SD) | 136.64 (62.86) | 136.77 (56.86) | 0.94 |
| Glycemic Index, Mean (SD) | 53.75 (5.14) | 52.74 (4.30) | <0.001 |
| Glycemic Index, available carbohydrate, Mean (SD) | 58.33 (5.22) | 57.62 (4.31) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate g/day, Mean(SD) | 252.09(110.59) | 258.03 (101.65) | 0.06 |
| Fiber g/day, Mean (SD) | 19.19 (9.46) | 21.39 (10.05) | <0.001 |
| Meat intake g/day, Mean (SD) | 125.94 (81.08) | 127.09 (74.50) | 0.63 |
a
matching factors
b
Missing; years of education N=6, family history of cancer N=17, emphysema N=24, pneumonia N=20, hayfever N=27; unknown physical activity N=618
c
Unknown histologic subtype not included in the table (N=28)