Table 3.
Associations Between Lung Cancer Risk and Energy -Adjusted Quintilesa of Dietary Glycemic Load, Glycemic Index and Glycemic Index (Total Available Carbohydrate) Intake, Stratified by Smoking Status and Years of Education
| Smoking Status | Years of Education | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | Ever | <12 | 12 + | |||||
| Cases/Controls | OR (95%CI) | Cases/Controls | OR (95%CI) | Cases/Controls | OR (95%CI) | Cases/Controls | OR (95%CI) | |
| Glycemic Load | ||||||||
| Q1 | 39/101 | 1 (REF) | 317/382 | 1 (REF) | 128/114 | 1(REF) | 230/369 | 1(REF) |
| Q2 | 52/111 | 1.28 (0.77–2.15) | 293/365 | 0.97 (0.77–1.21) | 133/122 | 1.05 (0.71–1.55) | 220/360 | 1.05 (0.82–1.34) |
| Q3 | 62/122 | 1.39 (0.84–2.30) | 329/351 | 1.06 (0.84–1.33) | 174/124 | 1.30 (0.89–1.91) | 235/353 | 1.07 (0.83–1.37) |
| Q4 | 70/134 | 1.40 (0.85–2.29) | 280/343 | 0.96 (0.76–1.22) | 159/114 | 1.38 (0.94–2.03) | 194/365 | 0.91 (0.71–1.18) |
| Q5 | 85/122 | 1.81 (1.11–2.93) | 343/362 | 1.01 (0.80–1.26) | 198/129 | 1.55 (1.07–2.24) | 232/359 | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) |
| P-trend | 0.02 | 0.94 | 0.006 | 0.83 | ||||
| P-interaction = 0.04 | P-interaction = 0.04 | |||||||
| Glycemic Index | ||||||||
| Q1 | 49/131 | 1 (REF) | 241/356 | 1 (REF) | 85/93 | 1(REF) | 214/395 | 1(REF) |
| Q2 | 64/120 | 1.40 (0.88–2.23) | 250/352 | 1.01 (0.80–1.29) | 96/103 | 1.04 (0.67–1.61) | 219/371 | 1.13 (0.89–1.44) |
| Q3 | 61/127 | 1.34 (0.94–2.13) | 299/362 | 1.10 (0.87–1.40) | 123/125 | 1.11 (0.73–1.70) | 238/367 | 1.19 (0.93–1.52) |
| Q4 | 57/117 | 1.41 (0.87–2.28) | 315/359 | 1.09 (0.86–1.38) | 196/124 | 1.77 (1.18–2.65) | 178/358 | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) |
| Q5 | 77/95 | 2.25 (1.42–3.59) | 457/374 | 1.31 (1.04–1.65) | 292/158 | 1.75 (1.19–2.58) | 262/315 | 1.37 (1.07–1.75) |
| P-trend | 0.002 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.11 | ||||
| P-interaction = 0.37 | P-interaction = 0.02 | |||||||
| Glycemic Index (Available Carbohydrate) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 47/127 | 1 (REF) | 244/353 | 1 (REF) | 95/94 | 1(REF) | 206/387 | 1(REF) |
| Q2 | 55/124 | 1.21 (0.75–1.95) | 271/345 | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 101/116 | 0.99 (0.65–1.52) | 226/355 | 1.25 (0.98–1.60) |
| Q3 | 65/119 | 1.56 (0.97–2.49) | 288/372 | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 130/116 | 1.14 (0.75–1.73) | 225/383 | 1.09 (0.85–1.39) |
| Q4 | 63/111 | 1.68 (1.04–2.70) | 329/363 | 1.20 (0.95–1.52) | 189/120 | 1.71 (1.15–1.73) | 204/355 | 1.14 (0.88–1.46) |
| Q5 | 78/109 | 2.06 (1.30–3.27) | 430/370 | 1.36 (1.08–1.71) | 277/157 | 1.77 (1.21–2.60) | 250/326 | 1.33 (1.04–1.70) |
| P-trend | 0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.09 | ||||
| P-interaction = 0.29 | P-interaction = 0.01 | |||||||
Fully Adjusted Model where appropriate Missing N = 55
a
quintiles based on distribution in controls, by gender