Table 3.

Characteristics of Transplant Recipients with Norovirus (NoV) Diarrhea and non-NoV Diarrhea^*

	NoV Diarrhea (n=22)	non-NoV Diarrhea (n=22)	P-value
Age, mean years ± SD	10.4 ± 6.2	9.3 ± 7.2	0.49
Female patient (%)	11 (50)	7 (32)	0.22
Duration from transplantation to diarrhea onset (days)
Median	136.5	93	0.77
Range	−3 to 1962	−5 to 4079
Hospital admission for diarrhea (%)	12 (55)	8 (36)	0.23
Intensive care unit admission during diarrhea episode (%)	6 (27)	0	0.02
Median white blood cell count (cells/uL) (range)‡	4.3 (0–14.1)	4.1 (0–11.8)	0.72
Median absolute lymphocyte count (cells/uL) (range)‡	777 (0–6453)	392 (0–2068)	0.59
Presence of fever at diarrhea onset (%)	7 (32)	8 (36)	0.75
Median duration of diarrhea (range)	12.5 (1–324)	7 (1–34)	0.16
Persistent diarrhea** (%)	11 (50)	8 (36)	0.36
Recurrence of diarrhea†	6 (29)	7 (33)	0.74
Median maximum no. stool in 24 hours (range)	9 (3–16)	8 (3–14)	0.16
Median rise in serum creatinine (mg/dL) during diarrhea (range)	0.3 (0–1.4)	0.2 (0–0.9)	0.01
Median weight loss (kg) during diarrhea (range)	1.6 (0–7)	0.6 (0–3.8)	<0.01
Required total parenteral nutrition during diarrhea (%)	12 (55)	8 (37)	0.23
Death during diarrhea episode (%)	1 (5)	0	1.00
Death within 6 months of diarrhea onset (%)	2 (9)	1 (5)	1.00

Note:

^*Transplant patients receiving tube feeding were excluded, including 3 NoV diarrhea subjects, one of whom expired ≤6 months of diarrhea onset. Five NoV diarrhea patients were co-infected with C. difficile (n=2), rotavirus (n=2), or adenovirus (n=2). Four non-NoV diarrhea patients were identified with C. difficile (n=2) or adenovirus (n=2).

^‡Within 24 hours of diarrhea onset.

^**Persistent diarrhea was defined as diarrhea duration ≥14 days.

^†Recurrence of diarrhea >1 week but ≤4 weeks of diarrhea resolution. Data for diarrhea recurrence was not available for 1 NoV and 1 non-NoV patient.