Table 1.
New England institutions sampled in the study
| State/Institution (type)a | Faculty contacted | Faculty responders | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No.b | Biologists | Nonbiologistsc | No. | % per subtotal state)d |
% of total responderse |
F (%)e | M (%)e | |||
| F (%) | M (%) | F (%) | M (%) | |||||||
| Connecticut (CT) | ||||||||||
| University of Connecticut (Pub) | 67 | 11 | 22 | 17 | 17 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| University of Hartford (Pub) | 14 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Yale University (Priv) | 18 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Quinnipiac University (Priv) | 30 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Fairfield University (Rel Catholic) | 24 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Albertus Magnus College (Rel Catholic) | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subtotal CT | 159 | 34 (21.4)d | 45 (28.3)d | 39 (24.5)d | 41 (25.8)d | 38 | 23.9d | 15.6e | NA | NA |
| Maine (ME) | ||||||||||
| University of Southern Maine (Pub) | 34 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 9 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| University of Maine Orono (Pub) | 60 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| University of New England (Priv) | 24 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Husson University (Priv) | 16 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| St. Joseph’s College of Maine (Rel Catholic) | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subtotal ME | 142 | 30 (21.1)d | 41 (28.9)d | 35 (24.6)d | 36 (25.4)d | 38 | 26.8d | 15.6e | NA | NA |
| Massachusetts (MA) | ||||||||||
| University of Massachusetts Boston (Pub) | 50 | 5 | 20 | 12 | 13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Fitchburg State College (Pub) | 26 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Springfield College (Priv) | 18 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wheaton College (Priv) | 18 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Merrimack College (Rel Catholic) | 14 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Stonehill College (Rel Catholic | 18 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subtotal MA | 144 | 26 (18.1)d | 46 (31.9)d | 36 (25.0)d | 36 (25.0)d | 34 | 23.6d | 14.0e | NA | NA |
| New Hampshire (NH) | ||||||||||
| University of New Hampshire Durham (Pub) | 78 | 11 | 28 | 19 | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Plymouth State University (Pub) | 28 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Dartmouth College (Priv) | 59 | 7 | 22 | 15 | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Colby-Sawyer College (Priv) | 20 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Rivier College (Rel Catholic) | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| St. Anselm College (Rel Catholic) | 22 | 1 | 10 | 6 | 5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subtotal NH | 215 | 35 (16.3)d | 72 (33.5)d | 54 (25.1)d | 54 (25.1)d | 50 | 23.3d | 20.4e | NA | NA |
| Rhode Island (RI) | ||||||||||
| University of Rhode Island (Pub) | 32 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 8 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Rhode Island College (Pub) | 32 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Brown University (Priv) | 46 | 7 | 16 | 12 | 11 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Roger Williams University (Priv) | 30 | 4 | 11 | 8 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Salve Regina University (Rel Catholic) | 10 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Providence College (Rel Catholic) | 28 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 8 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subtotal RI | 178 | 32 (18.0)d | 57 (32.0)d | 45 (25.3)d | 44 (24.7)d | 41 | 23.0d | 16.8e | NA | NA |
| Vermont (VT) | ||||||||||
| University of Vermont-Burlington (Pub) | 50 | 10 | 15 | 12 | 13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Castleton State College (Pub) | 20 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Middlebury College (Priv) | 28 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Norwich University (Priv) | 26 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Saint Michael’s College (Rel Catholic) | 20 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Green Mountain College (Rel Methodist) | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subtotal VT | 154 | 36 (23.4)d | 41 (26.6)d | 38 (24.7)d | 39 (25.3)d | 43 | 27.9d | 17.6e | NA | NA |
| Grand total | 992 | 193 (19.5)f | 302 (30.4)f | 247 (24.9)f | 250 (25.2)f | 244 (24.6)f | 90 (36.9)e | 154 (63.1)e | ||
Type of institution refers to public secular (Pub), private secular (Priv) and religious (Rel)
Faculty were contacted according to two criteria: first, members of the biology departments, or equivalent, of each institution (regardless of sex), who are usually highly educated in evolution; and second, a similar number of nonbiology faculty, across all disciplines, who were selected randomly (sex ratio, 1:1)
Nonbiologists correspond to random selection of faculty from ca. 40 different disciplines, as follows: CT University of Connecticut (n = 9): Anthropology, Communication Sciences, English, History, Human Development and Family Studies, Linguistics, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology; University of Hartford (n = 6): Art History, Communications, Computer Science, Legal Studies, Politics and Government, Sociology; Yale University (n = 3): Astronomy, Forestry and Environmental Studies, History; Quinnipiac University (n = 4): Business, Computer Science and Interactive Digital Design, Journalism, Public Relations; Fairfield University (n = 4): Education, Philosophy, Political Science, Religious Studies; Albertus Magnus College (n = 2): Mathematics, Psychology. ME University of Southern Maine (n = 6): Chemistry, Environmental Science, Engineering, History, Mathematics and Statistics, Philosophy; University of Maine-Orono (n = 7): Anthropology, Art, Engineering, International Affairs, Mathematics and Statistics, Nursing, Political Science; University of New England (n = 5): Business and Communications, English and Language Studies, Global Humanities, Psychology, Women’s and Gender Studies; Husson University (n = 3): Business, Education, Legal Studies; Saint Joseph’s College of Maine (n = 4): Elementary Education, Criminal Justice, Exercise Science, Theology. MA University of Massachusetts Boston (n = 7): Applied Linguistics, English, History, Mathematics, Political Science, Nursing and Health Sciences, Sociology; Fitchburg State College (n = 4): Economics, History, Industrial Technology, Mathematics; Springfield College (n = 4): Education, Mathematics/Physics and Computer Science, Social Work, Visual and Performing Arts; Wheaton College (n = 3): Economics, English, Music; Merrimack College (n = 3): Electrical Engineering, Sociology, Religious and Theological Studies; Stonehill College (n = 4): Business Administration, Economics, Mathematics, Religious Studies. NH University of New Hampshire-Durham (n = 7): Anthropology, Art and Art History, Education, English, Health Management and Policy, History, Mathematics and Statistics; Plymouth State University (n = 6): Business, Criminal Justice, Economics, Education, Mathematics, Philosophy; Dartmouth College (n = 9): Anthropology, Computer Science, Economics, Engineering Science, English, Geography, Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, Women’s and Gender Studies; Colby-Sawyer College (n = 4): Business Administration, Education, Psychology, Social Science; Rivier College (n = 3): Business Administration, Nursing, Psychology; St. Anselm College (n = 3): English, History, Humanities. RI University of Rhode Island (n = 4): Chemistry, English, Nursing, Journalism; Rhode Island College (n = 6): Art, Communications, English, History, Philosophy, Physical Sciences; Brown University (n = 8): Anthropology, Education, History, Philosophy, Political Sciences, Psychology, Sociology, Visual Arts; Roger Williams University (n = 11): Architecture, Chemistry, Communications, Computer Sciences, Creative Writing, Dance, English, History, Political Sciences, Psychology, Theater; Salve Regina University (n = 3): Anthropology, Business Studies, Religious and Theological Studies; Providence College (n = 8): Art History, English, History, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Secondary Education, Sociology. VT University of Vermont-Burlington (n = 9): Anthropology, Biochemistry, Education, Engineering, English, Geology, Mathematics and Statistics, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Physics; Castleton State College (n = 4): Business Administration, Sociology/Social Work and Criminal Justice, Music, Natural Sciences; Middlebury College (n = 4): Economics, Education Studies, Geography, Religion; Norwich University (n = 6): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Geology and Environmental Science, Mathematics, Nursing, Physics, Sports Medicine; Saint Michael’s College (n = 5): Computer Science, Economics, History, Political Science, Sociology and Anthropology; Green Mountain College (n = 3): Environmental Studies, Communications and Journalism, History
Percentage estimated in respect to subtotal number of faculty contacted per state
Percentage estimated in respect to total number of faculty responding to the survey (N = 244)
Percentage estimated in respect to grand total number of faculty contacted to participate in the survey (N = 992)