Differentiation in (A) UV/blue spectral hue of the crown patch and (B) purity (or chroma) of the yellow chest, for males (in grey) and females (in black) across our blue tit populations. Data were collected on breeding birds between 2005 and 2013. Within Corsican populations, D‐Muro birds display lower UV–blue hue compared to E‐Muro and E‐Pirio birds (values for males: D‐Muro: 370 nm, 95% CI
= [367;374]; E‐Muro: 377 nm, 95% CI
= [374;381]; E‐Pirio: 378 nm, 95% CI
= [375;382]), whereas E‐Muro birds display lower yellow chroma compared to D‐Muro and E‐Pirio birds (values for males: E‐Muro: 0.69, 95% CI
= [0.65;0.74]; D‐Muro: 0.83, 95% CI
= [0.79;0.88]; E‐Pirio: 0.82, 95% CI
= [0.77;0.86]). Means and confidence intervals are derived from linear mixed models (REML process) with age, sex and population as fixed effects and bird identity and year as random effects.