. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 7.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 May 4;55(18):1945–1954. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.086

Table 3. Arterial and Venous Epinephrine, NE, and Calculated NE Spillover From the Muscle During Maximal Cycle and KE Exercise in Control Subjects and CHF Patients.

	Cycle		KE
	Control Subjects	CHF	Control Subjects	CHF
[e]_a (nmol/l)	0.86 ± 0.2	0.65 ± 0.1	0.64 ± 0.1	0.89 ± 0.3

[e]_v (nmol/l)	0.76 ± 0.2	0.43 ± 0.1	0.38 ± 0.1	0.39 ± 0.1

[NE]_a (nmol/l)	8.6 ± 2.0	13.1 ± 3.6	4.0 ± 0.9	9.0 ± 2.1^*

[NE]_v (nmol/l)	8.4 ± 1.3	13.9 ± 5.8	3.7 ± 0.9	6.7 ± 2.4

NE spillover (nmol/l/min/kg)	2.47 ± 0.53	7.01 ± 2.2^*	1.82 ± 0.43	3.31 ± 0.65^*

Arterial and venous epinephrine, norepinephrine (NE), and calculated NE spillover from the muscle during maximal cycle and knee-extensor (KE) exercise in control subjects (n = 8) and patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) (n = 12). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM.

p < 0.05 (CHF vs. control subjects).

[e]_a = arterial epinephrine concentration; [e]_v = femoral venous epinephrine concentration; [NE]_a = arterial norepinephrine concentration; NE spillover = norepinephrine spillover in 1 leg; [NE]_v = femoral venous norepinephrine concentration.