Fig. 2.

Profiles of radiocarbon dates, ¹⁰Be concentrations, and diatom concentrations in cores from the eastern Ross Sea (A–C). Radiocarbon dates of TOC obtained from previous studies (♦: ref. 16) and the present work (■) are plotted along with newly obtained radiocarbon dates of C14–C18 fatty acids (red circle; see Supporting Information). Green dotted lines in each panel indicate estimated timings of ice-shelf calving front crossing over the corresponding core sites based on ¹⁰Be concentrations. Diatom abundance correlates well with ¹⁰Be concentrations. Yellow indicates open-ocean conditions after ice-shelf retreat, whereas blue indicates subice-shelf conditions.