Table S1.
Core locations
| Core | Cruise | Latitude | Longitude | Water depth, m | Core length, cm | Location |
| Eastern Ross Sea | ||||||
| TC04 | NBP99-02 | −78.15 | −168.58 | 618 | 34 | Eastern Basin (S) |
| TC07 | NBP99-02 | −77.23 | −169.419 | 580 | 70 | Eastern Basin (C) |
| KC11 | NBP99-02 | −76.31 | −169.659 | 578 | 100 | Eastern Basin (N) |
| Western Ross Sea | ||||||
| TC01 | NBP94-01 | −77.19 | 167.888 | 939 | 35 | Near Ross Island |
| GC1604 | TH95 | −74.55 | 168 | 922 | 254 | North Drygalski |
| KC44 | NBP15-02 | −75.66 | 166.81 | 486 | 125 | Crary Bank (top) |
| TC17 | NBP94-01 | −74.94 | 173.801 | 556 | 48 | JOIDES Trough (C) |
| KC22 | NBP15-02 | −75.43 | 176.196 | 354 | 117 | Pennell Bank (top) |
| TC31 | NBP94-01 | −75.17 | 178.548 | 473 | 72 | Pennell Bank (slope) |
| KC48 | NBP15-02 | −74.47 | 173.511 | 539 | 320 | JOIDES Trough (C) |
(S), (C), and (N) denote southern, central, and northern, respectively.