Table 1.

Summary of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in fruit trees

Species	Population size	Markers	Traits	Statistical models for GWAS	References
Apple (Malus × domestica)	1200 seedlings	2500 SNPs	Six traits (fruit firmness, weighted cortical intensity, internal browning, titratable acidity, fruit splitting, bitter pit)	Mixed linear model	Kumar et al. (2013)
Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)	76 cultivars	162 markers (155 SSRs, 4 RAPDSTS, 2 ACC synthase genes, 1 S-RNase gene)	Nine traits (harvest time, resistance to black spot, firmness of fresh, fruit size, fruit shape in longitudinal selection, acid content, total soluble solid content, number of spurs, vigor of tree)	Multilocus Bayesian model	Iwata et al. (2013a)
Peach (Prunus persica)	104 landraces	53 SSR markers	10 traits (flesh color around the stone, red pigment in the flesh, flesh texture, flesh adhesion, flesh firmness, fruit weight, chilling requirement, flowering time, ripening time, and fruit development period)	General linear model	Cao et al. (2012)

SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SSR, simple sequence repeat; RAPD-STS, random amplified polymorphic DNA-sequence tagged sites; ACC, 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate.