Table 4. Complications associated with EABS.
| Complications | N = 315 |
|---|---|
| Overall* | 15.2% (48/315) |
| Delayed healing of the areolar wound | 4.8% (15/315) |
| Partial ischemia of the nipple-areolar complex # | 8.5% (17/199) |
| Complete necrosis of the nipple-areolar complex# | 4% (8/199) |
| Seroma formation requiring repeat aspiration | 2.5% (8/315) |
| Hematoma formation | 1.6% (5/315) |
| Infection-related complication | 1% (3/315) |
| Breast skin flap ischemia/necrosis | 2.5% (8/315) |
| Implant loss | 2.1% (3/143) |
| TRAM flap partial fat necrosis | 9.1% (5/55) |
| Total TRAM Flap loss | 0% (0/55) |
| Poor wound healing or dehiscence at the donor site | 7.3% (4/55) |
| Abdominal bulging/hernia | 0% (0/55) |
EABS: endoscopic-assisted breast surgery.
Complications calculation:
*Overall: patients with any one complication were included in the calculation. Each patient could have more than one complication.
# among those who received endoscopic-assisted nipple sparing mastectomy. EATM: endoscopic-assisted total mastectomy, TRAM: transverse abdominal musculocutaneous flap.