. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Assess. 2015 Sep 7;28(5):613–625. doi: 10.1037/pas0000214

Table 5.

Standardized Regression Coefficients for Differential Item Functioning Analysis for Parent and Child Demographic Covariates

Factor	Item	U.S. resident	Education^a		Marital status^b
Factor	Item	U.S. resident	High school graduate	Any college	No current partner^c	Married/Common-law
Involved Parenting	4	0.152^***
Involved Parenting	5	0.144^***
Involved Parenting	7	0.200^***
Involved Parenting	15	−0.238^***	0.049	0.312^***	0.281^***	0.359^***
Involved Parenting	26		0.063	0.167^***	0.149^**	0.179^***
Poor Monitoring	29		−0.097^*	−0.159^***	−0.199^***	−0.087
Poor Monitoring	32	−0.177^***	0.030	0.284^***
Inconsistent Discipline	12	−0.237^***

Factor	Item	White	Cash/Non-cash benefits	Child age	Social desirability	Defensiveness
Involved Parenting	11			−0.274^***
Involved Parenting	15	0.297^***	−0.343^***
Involved Parenting	23				0.139^***
Poor Monitoring	29	−0.171^***
Poor Monitoring	32	0.203^***	−0.201^***	0.335^***		−0.137^**
Inconsistent Discipline	12	0.216^***

Note. A separate model was computed for each covariate.

Reference category is high school non-graduates.

Reference category is single, never married respondents.

No current partner includes divorced, separated, and widowed.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.