Table 2.

Factor Loadings of Immigrant Version of the Hispanic Stress Inventory-2

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1. Parental Stress
a. My children have not respected my authority the way they should.	.71	.13	−.09	.03	−.03	−.10	−.05	.03	−.03	.24
b. I have thought that my children used illegal drugs.	.71	−.14	−.02	.00	.00	−.02	.05	−.13	.05	.19
c. My children have been influenced by bad friends.	.71	.09	.00	−.04	−.01	−.03	.02	−.13	.09	.00
d. My children have talked about leaving home.	.69	.09	−.12	−.09	.01	.18	−.11	.01	.06	.13
e. My children have received bad school reports (or bad grades).	.63	.10	−.01	−.05	.15	.05	−.15	.08	−.13	.12
f. I had difficulties talking about drugs with my child.	.62	−.13	.05	.01	−.03	−.03	.07	.02	.05	−.06
g. I had problems with discipline or setting rules for my child.	.62	.05	.18	.01	.04	−.10	−.02	.07	.02	−.07
h. I have seen my son/daughter behave delinquently.	.61	−.06	.01	.11	.02	−.07	−.03	.00	−.15	.26
i. I had difficulties motivating my child about school.	.56	−.04	−.01	.06	.01	.05	.08	.00	.09	.04
j. My child broke our rules about being out at night or dating.	.53	.00	.07	.15	−.03	.05	−.12	.03	.07	−.06
k. I have thought that my children wanted their independence before they are ready.	.52	.00	.08	−.07	.04	−.04	.17	.05	.15	−.16
l. I had arguments with my child about him/her sleeping at a friend’s home.	.48	.20	.09	−.05	−.04	.13	.10	.06	−.09	−.09
m. I had arguments with my child about cultural values, customs, and morals.	.41	.12	.03	.05	−.09	.21	.10	.04	.06	−.14
2. Occupation and Economic Stress
a. Because I am Hispanic/Latino it has been hard to get promotions or salary raises.	.05	.70	.02	.17	−.02	−.13	.00	.06	−.06	−.10
b. Because I am Hispanic/Latino I have been expected to work harder.	−.04	.69	−.02	.24	.01	−.04	−.04	.04	−.07	−.10
c. Because I am Hispanic/Latino, I have been paid less than others.	.05	.67	−.03	.24	.07	−.09	−.05	.01	−.07	−.11
d. I have felt that due to work, the rhythm of my life has changed.	−.07	.67	−.04	−.03	−.07	.10	−.02	−.13	.19	.16
e. I have been forced to accept low paying jobs.	.00	.65	−.02	−.01	.05	−.13	.06	.07	.02	.22
f. I have put pressure on myself to provide more things for my family.	.02	.61	.05	−.13	−.02	.06	.03	.01	.04	.24
g. Because of the importance of getting ahead in my job I had to compete with others.	.05	.57	−.03	−.01	−.05	.11	.06	−.04	−.05	.15
h. I did not get the job I wanted because I did not have the proper skills.	.04	.49	.05	−.05	.03	−.03	.12	.18	−.01	−.05
i. Both my spouse and I have had to work.	.02	.47	.09	−.12	.04	.23	.07	−.02	−.06	.05
j. I have been criticized about my work.	.01	.45	.00	.17	.06	.06	.01	−.12	−.07	.14
k. The pressures to achieve economic success have made me stop going to church.	.00	.45	.00	.00	−.02	.27	−.15	−.13	.16	.21
l. Others have been too worried about the amount and quality of work I do.	.03	.43	.04	.12	−.06	.07	.14	−.12	−.07	.02
3. Marital Stress
a. There was a lack of respect in our marital relationship.	.05	−.06	.76	.02	.04	−.14	.03	.00	.05	.05
b. My spouse and I talked about divorce.	−.02	.06	.75	−.04	.08	.05	−.05	−.04	−.03	−.04
c. My spouse acted too Machista.	−.01	−.06	.73	.08	.01	−.03	.02	.02	−.02	.01
d. There is a lack of trust between my spouse and me.	.00	.03	.73	−.02	−.03	.08	.03	−.03	−.06	.00
e. My spouse and I experienced infidelity.	.06	−.06	.65	−.07	.07	.02	−.05	−.06	.08	.02
f. I have felt that my spouse and I have not been able to communicate.	.05	.22	.53	−.01	−.04	.15	.03	−.10	−.08	−.01
g. My spouse and I have different personalities.	.00	.14	.53	−.03	−.05	.10	−.03	.10	.03	.01
h. My spouse and I disagreed about choosing our friends.	−.08	.02	.49	.12	−.02	.25	.02	.05	−.02	.03
i. Men in our family are too macho (jealous of women’s accomplishments).	.03	−.10	.38	.02	−.07	−.01	.09	.00	.28	.14
j. I have questioned the idea that “marriage is forever”	−.01	.23	.35	−.05	−.03	.15	.04	.04	.07	.10
k. There was domestic violence in our home.	.13	.02	.34	.18	−.07	−.14	.08	−.09	.16	.12
l. My spouse has been drinking too much alcohol.	.16	−.14	.29	.06	.06	.27	−.14	.00	−.04	.18
4. Discrimination Stress
a. I was called names and treated badly because I am an immigrant.	.05	−.01	.02	.68	−.02	−.01	.00	−.12	.07	.02
b. Because I am Hispanic/Latino, I was treated like a slave.	−.01	.06	.01	.65	.05	.02	−.04	−.01	.01	−.04
c. I have been discriminated against.	−.02	.13	.00	.65	.01	.01	−.10	−.02	−.01	.03
d. I have felt unaccepted by others due to my Hispanic culture.	.05	−.08	.02	.64	.02	.12	−.05	.01	.01	.07
e. I was treated “less than” other Americans because I am Hispanic/Latino.	−.10	.09	.07	.58	.02	−.02	.06	.11	−.02	−.06
f. I experienced discrimination because of the color of my skin.	.06	.02	−.02	.57	−.02	.09	.04	−.10	.00	.01
g. Because I am Hispanic/Latino, I was given the lowest position at work.	.03	.07	.02	.51	.13	−.04	−.02	.09	.05	−.03
h. Members of my family have experienced discrimination.	−.01	.06	−.11	.48	−.02	.07	.11	−.07	.22	.06
i. Because of my poor English people treat me badly.	−.09	.10	.05	.46	.00	−.06	.02	.24	.06	.04
j. I could not pay for mental health care.a	.13	−.22	.01	.44	−.03	.10	.30	−.04	−.09	.17
k. I have seen friends treated badly because they are Hispanics/Latinos.	.10	.23	.02	.35	−.08	−.08	−.02	.13	−.01	.10
5. Immigration-Related Stress
a. My legal status has been a problem in getting a good job.	−.01	.03	.02	.02	.86	.00	−.05	−.03	−.04	.07
b. I feared the consequences of deportation.	.10	−.06	.00	−.06	.77	.02	−.04	.03	.01	.01
c. I have thought that if I went to a social or government agency I would be deported.	.04	−.06	−.04	.04	.75	−.05	.03	.04	−.04	.01
d. Because I did not have a SSN, I could not apply for or find good employment.	.00	.00	−.01	−.06	.72	.01	.07	−.01	.06	−.07
e. My legal status has limited my contact with family and friends.	.03	−.09	.02	−.02	.63	.06	−.01	.03	.01	.14
f. I have been questioned about my legal status.	.02	.03	.12	.05	.51	−.01	.05	.03	−.04	.07
g. Since I did not have legal documentation, I was overworked at my job.	−.05	.13	−.08	.28	.50	.06	.00	−.10	.04	−.07
h. Because of the lack of legal documentation, I could not get quality health care.	−.03	−.02	.04	.04	.49	.00	.18	−.09	.08	−.03
i. Because I did not have a driver’s license, it was difficult to get to and from work.	−.13	.24	−.04	.04	.42	.03	.06	.04	.12	−.03
6. Marital Acculturation Gap Stress
a. My spouse and I disagreed about going back to our home country.	.07	−.01	.04	.01	.09	.63	.01	.06	.06	−.10
b. It has been difficult for me to understand why my spouse wishes to be more Americanized.	.01	−.11	−.09	.06	.06	.59	.04	.16	−.10	.09
c. It has been difficult for my spouse and me to combine Hispanic/Latino and American culture.	.08	.03	−.04	−.01	−.06	.57	.03	.11	.04	.04
d. There has been cultural conflict in my marriage.	−.05	.03	.11	.07	.01	.56	−.13	.01	.02	.20
e. My spouse and I disagreed on where we should live.	−.01	.04	.13	.00	−.04	.54	.07	.04	−.01	−.09
f. My spouse has not been adapting to American life.	−.02	.10	.01	−.02	.02	.53	−.08	.03	−.04	.08
g. My spouse and I have disagreed on which language is spoken by our children at home.	.00	−.01	−.02	.00	.11	.53	.08	−.05	.06	.08
h. My spouse and I disagreed about having children.	−.12	−.04	.23	.05	−.03	.50	.00	.07	.04	.01
i. My spouse has expected me to be more traditional in our relationship.	.21	.12	.09	.02	−.05	.40	.00	−.10	−.01	−.08
7. Health Stress
a. I did not have health insurance to cover my illness.	−.01	.08	.01	−.04	.01	−.09	.81	.05	−.12	.11
b. I had to wait for a long time before I received health treatment.	−.02	.03	−.04	−.02	.00	−.05	.75	−.02	.04	.11
c. I could not pay for my medical care.	−.01	.05	.11	−.06	.07	−.02	.67	−.03	.06	−.01
d. I could not get dental insurance.	−.02	.07	.09	.01	.10	−.06	.62	.02	−.12	.14
e. We did not have health insurance to cover family medical emergencies.	−.01	.03	.00	−.05	.00	.01	.60	.06	.16	−.01
f. I did not have access to high quality health care.	−.03	−.02	−.04	.11	.01	.09	.55	.00	.11	−.04
g. I had to use home remedies to take care of myself.	−.04	.01	−.05	.03	.08	.10	.45	.02	.26	−.01
h. Because of language differences, I did not get the medical care I needed.	.02	.00	−.08	.21	−.06	.13	.44	.13	−.04	.01
8. Language-Related Stress
a. Because of language barriers, I could not communicate with others.	−.02	−.03	−.01	.01	−.04	.05	−.01	.81	.02	.04
b. Because I do not know enough English, it has been difficult for me to deal with day to day situations.	−.04	−.16	−.04	.01	.01	.14	.00	.77	−.06	.04
c. Because I do not know enough English, it has been difficult for me to interact with others.	.07	.00	−.05	.00	.01	.03	.03	.76	−.03	−.02
d. I have felt pressured to learn English.	−.03	.00	.07	−.12	.05	−.01	.03	.61	.12	.02
e. Members of my family cannot communicate in public places because of language differences.	.00	.11	−.08	−.02	−.11	.06	.10	.48	.22	.08
f. Not knowing English made it difficult to find a job.	−.02	.19	−.03	.00	.15	.03	.11	.38	.08	.02
9. Pre-Migration Stress
a. My family was exposed to poverty in my home country.	−.02	.04	.08	.09	.04	−.17	−.15	.20	.67	.06
b. I did not get good health care in my home country.	.02	−.05	.00	−.03	.01	.09	.10	−.05	.66	−.15
c. I was forced to leave my home country due to poverty.	−.03	.02	.07	.00	.03	−.05	−.11	.23	.62	.05
d. Members of my family could not get good health care in my home country.	.04	−.07	.01	.04	.11	.06	−.04	−.03	.62	−.10
e. There was not enough money for basic things like food or clothing in my home country.	.06	.01	.05	.01	−.05	−.04	−.01	.28	.54	.06
f. I lacked educational opportunities in my home country.	.05	−.04	.00	.20	.03	−.03	−.01	.17	.52	−.02
g. A member of my family had a major health problem.a	.05	.00	.02	−.04	−.04	−.02	.10	−.05	.50	.10
h. Members of my family were divorced.a	−.01	−.01	−.01	.00	−.05	.15	.07	−.10	.42	.21
i. I moved from a small town to the city after coming to the US.a	−.04	.04	−.08	.11	.10	.12	.14	−.11	.35	.00
10. Family-Related Stress
a. My personal goals have been in conflict with family goals.	.11	.15	.06	.08	.05	.04	.15	.02	−.10	.46
b. Because of the lack of family unity, c. I have felt lonely and isolated.	.09	.10	.03	.11	−.01	.07	.04	.27	−.04	.44
d. I had serious arguments with family members.	.21	.09	.12	−.03	.04	.04	.06	−.08	.06	.43
e. The need for members of my family to achieve economically has caused my family to drift apart.	−.05	.24	.03	−.08	−.02	.18	.08	.06	.12	.37
f. I have felt as though I would never see some family members ever again.	.09	.15	−.08	−.03	.11	.05	.08	.05	.24	.32

^aThese items were deleted from the scale. Factor loading greater than .31 in boldface type.