Figure 8.
Conceptualization of the stimulation of IL-1β production by C. parapsilosis. (A) In the wild-type cells, N-linked mannans mask both β1,3-glucan and the ligand of TLR4, most likely O-linked mannans, resulting in a relatively limited production of IL-1β. (B) Once the N-linked mannan outer chain is removed, such as in the och1Δ null mutant, the ligands for dectin-1 and TLR4 are exposed enabling the induction of a strong stimulation for IL-1β production.