Table 2.
Effect of cART on Cytokine Levelsa
| Cytokine | pre-cART |
1 y cART |
2 y cART |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | |
| Proinflammatory | ||||||
| IL-6 | 2.1 | 1.1–4.4 | 2.0 | 1.0–4.2 | 2.7 | 1.2–5.9 |
| IL-17 | 1.7 | 1.6–6.8 | 2.1 | 1.6–10.5 | 2.0 | 1.6–9.9 |
| TNF-α | 15.6 | 10.4–21.1 | 11.0 | 7.2–15.5 | 10.8 | 8.4–15.5 |
| Chemoattractants | ||||||
| IP-10 | 1120 | 793–1640 | 478 | 329–785 | 461 | 302–658 |
| MCP-1 | 562 | 393–850 | 539 | 338–742 | 554 | 431–849 |
| MDC | 1350 | 1060–1750 | 1490 | 1120–1910 | 1660 | 1170–2000 |
| MIP-1α | 9.8 | 9.8–10.8 | 9.8 | 9.8–15.9 | 9.8 | 9.8–18.5 |
| MIP-1δ | 2660 | 1740–3620 | 2870 | 1880–3760 | 2920 | 2030–4270 |
| MIP-3β | 199 | 159–266 | 114 | 85.6–153 | 112 | 84.1–154 |
| Fractalkine | 905 | 590–1650 | 887 | 576–1750 | 951 | 644–1670 |
| GRO | 29.7 | 8.8–54.8 | 32.3 | 16.4–67.1 | 37.2 | 10.9–57.3 |
| 6Ckine | 343 | 244–523 | 348 | 244–513 | 365 | 256–544 |
| BCA-1 | 95.5 | 56.3–150 | 39.5 | 25.8–62.6 | 36.5 | 24.1–55.5 |
| CTACK | 983 | 677–1230 | 1060 | 760–1240 | 1040 | 730–1320 |
| Eotaxin-2 | 398 | 214–810 | 647 | 368–1060 | 619 | 402–1160 |
| SDF1 | 4680 | 3620–5680 | 5080 | 4110–6140 | 5070 | 4130–6090 |
| HCC-1 | 2820 | 2190–3870 | 2860 | 2160–4290 | 3150 | 2120–4610 |
| I-TAC | 339 | 178–555 | 171 | 93.1–316 | 151 | 87.4–274 |
| MIG | 3680 | 1990–5510 | 1100 | 758–1580 | 966 | 653–1520 |
| Lymphotactin | 87.5 | 46.8–118 | 88.0 | 61.9–142 | 93.3 | 60.1–127 |
| Anti-inflammatory/Th2 | ||||||
| IL-10 | 18.6 | 8.8–36.5 | 12.3 | 5.6–24.3 | 9.6 | 5.3–19.4 |
| TRAIL | 73.9 | 53.8–95.9 | 52.4 | 39.1–74.1 | 52.2 | 36.3–75.9 |
| Soluble receptors | ||||||
| sgp130 | 170k | 141k–200k | 200k | 168k–200k | 200k | 174k–200k |
| sIL-1RI | 29.2 | 23.0–38.1 | 30.7 | 23.1–37.5 | 29.8 | 22.7–39.5 |
| sIL-1RII | 4370 | 3440–6670 | 7540 | 5630–8810 | 7580 | 5270–9590 |
| sTNFRII | 10 900 | 8200–12 700 | 7810 | 6140–10 800 | 7880 | 6220–10 800 |
| sVEGFRII | 20 200 | 16 100–25 100 | 18 900 | 15 400–22 400 | 19 000 | 16 000–23 900 |
| sVEGFRIII | 1550 | 818–2870 | 1820 | 932–3460 | 1820 | 1030–3290 |
| Growth factors | ||||||
| IL-21 | 9.8 | 9.8–9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8–9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8–9.8 |
| FGF-2 | 27.2 | 16.7–42.7 | 31.3 | 16.7–53.6 | 28.9 | 16.6–53.7 |
Abbreviations: BCA, B-cell–activating chemokine; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CTACK, cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine; FDR, false discovery rates; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; gp, glycoprotein; GRO, growth-related oncogene; HCC, hemofiltrate CC chemokine; IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; IQR, interquartile range; I-TAC, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MDC, macrophage-derived chemokine; MIG, monokine induced by interferon; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; s, soluble; SDF, stromal cell-derived factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TNFR, TNF receptor; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
a Bold numbers denote values different from presuppressive cART levels ( P < .05, FDR < 0.1).