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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 8.

Published in final edited form as: J Voice. 2005 Dec 1;20(4):513–526. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.009

Obtaining the Overall Perceptual Level Construct for the untrained and trained singers. (a) All subject maximum loud (upper dotted), average loud (upper solid), average soft (lower solid) and minimum soft third octave spectrum level are shown. (b) Levels are converted first to phon (not shown in the figure) then to loudness (sone) using the same legend as in figure (a).

Obtaining the Overall Perceptual Level Construct for the untrained and trained singers. (a) All subject maximum loud (upper dotted), average loud (upper solid), average soft (lower solid) and minimum soft third octave spectrum level are shown. (b) Levels are converted first to phon (not shown in the figure) then to loudness (sone) using the same legend as in figure (a).