Effects of charged particle exposure on cardiac caspase 3 (C3). Both protons and 56Fe induced increased ratios of cleaved caspase 3 to the full caspase 3 protein, while no significant differences were observed between the consecutive exposure group and sham-irradiated controls. Western-blot image indicates 4-5 biological repeats in each radiation group. Graphs indicate average ± SEM, n=4-5. Quantification of cleaved caspase 3/full caspase 3 divided by GAPDH for sham-irradiation: 0.10 ± 0.02/0.43 ± 0.03; for 0.1 Gy protons: 0.19 ± 0.02/0.40 ± 0.02; for 0.5 Gy 56Fe: 0.28 ± 0.04/0.70 ± 0.05; for the consecutive exposure group: 0.11 ± 0.02/0.39 ± 0.03. Average ± SEM, n=4-5. *p<0.05 compared to sham-irradiated control, ‡p<0.05 compared to proton exposure, §p<0.05 compared to 56Fe exposure.