Figure 2.

Differential mortality of juveniles and adults selects for different life histories (POSE, Precocial–Opportunistic–Survivor–Episodic), resulting in differences in compensatory capacity, quantified here for a set level of fishing mortality (F = 0.2). Reproductive traits, body size, growth, age at maturity, and lifespan coevolve according to size‐independent juvenile mortality and adult mortality. We illustrate the connection between life‐history traits and compensatory capacity by calculating the Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR_{F  = 0.2}) for a fished species in each quadrant (see Appendix S2; Precocial: Tiger Tail Seahorse Hippocampus comes; Opportunist: Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus; Episodic: Brown‐marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus; Survivor: Smalltooth Sawfish Pristis pectinata; Extreme Survivor: North Pacific Spiny Dogfish Squalus suckleyi). Inset: Life histories with the lowest compensatory capacity, Extreme Survivors. This combination of life‐history traits characterizes species of greatest conservation concern. Illustrations are not to scale.