Table 1.

Potential uses of digital tools in immunization programs.

Challenges	Addressed issues	Actions based on digital tools
Digitalization of immunization data	Need of data-driven activities in immunization programs	Implementation of immunization registries Integration of immunization registries with clinical information and other data
Improvement of logistics and dose tracking	Simplification of logistics in vaccine management, reduction of errors, and improvement of safety	Barcodes for dose tracking Integration of barcode scanning tech in EHRs
Decision support through appropriate algorithms for final users	Vaccination delay and vaccine hesitancy	Electronic decision support systems for health-care professionals Adoption of personal health records
Timely detection of epidemiologic signals	Delay in disease incidence reporting Low specificity of signals	Use of digital traces on the web for surveillance purposes Epidemic intelligence based on aggregation of different information sources Participatory surveillance
Improvement of vaccine safety evaluation	Underreporting and underrecognition of adverse events following immunizations	Integration and analysis of information on adverse events following immunizations obtained from EHRs and web signals
Timely assessment of the public’s vaccine confidence	Reduction of public confidence in vaccinations	Acquirement and interpretation of data on vaccine confidence from web sources and social networks
Effective delivery of vaccine information to the public	Reduction of public confidence in vaccinations Vaccine hesitancy Lack of effectiveness of common communication strategies for vaccine promotion	Addressing information gaps and misconceptions through analysis of digital traces left by users Integration of different digital tools for information delivery to the public