Table 1.

Cytokine-directed therapeutics in advanced clinical trials for chronic airway disease^*

Biologic	Mechanism of action	Efficacy in asthma	Efficacy in COPD	Biomarker for treatment
Mepolizumab	IL-5-specific monoclonal antibody	Decreased blood and sputum eosinophilia, and decreased exacerbations	Trials underway‡	Blood eosinophilia
Reslizumab	IL-5-specific monoclonal antibody	Decreased sputum and blood eosinophilia, and improved airway function	No trials	Sputum eosinophilia
Benralizumab	IL-5Rα-specific monoclonal antibody	Decreased blood, sputum, tissue and bone marrow eosinophilia	Trials underway‡	Sputum eosinophilia
Lebrikizumab	IL-13-specific monoclonal antibody	Improved airflow	No trials	Serum periostin
Tralokinumab	IL-13-specific monoclonal antibody	Improved airflow	No trials	Serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and periostin
Dupilumab	IL-4Rα-specific monoclonal antibody	Improved airflow, decreased exacerbations and decreased TH2 cell markers	No trials	Blood and/or sputum eosinophilia
AMG-317	IL-4Rα-specific monoclonal antibody	Decreased exacerbations	No trials	Not reported
Pitrakinra	IL-4 mutein targeting IL-4Rα	Reduced early asthma response and decreased exacerbations	No trials	Atopy, IL4RA polymorphism and blood eosinophilia
Brodalumab	IL-17RA-specific monoclonal antibody	Marginal airflow improvement in patients with asthma who have a highly reversible FEV1	No trials	Not reported
AMG-157	TSLP-specific monoclonal antibody	Reduced early and late asthma response, and decreased sputum and blood eosinophilia	No trials	Atopy

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume 1; IL, interleukin; T_H2, T helper 2; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.

^*Based on data from randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

^‡Based on information from the ClinicalTrials.gov website and/or the European Union Clinical Trials Register website. Information accurate as of August 2014.