Fig. 1.

Systemic IT induces short-lived immune response that contracts following cessation of therapy. Mice (n = 5 mice/group) were implanted with a, c 10⁶ 3LL cells s.c. into the right flank or b, d 5 × 10⁴ 4T1 cells orthotopically into the mammary fat pad and then subsequently treated with anti-CD40/IL-2. e–h Mice (n = 3 mice/group) were treated with immunotherapy evaluated for (e) splenic CD8 numbers, (f) fold change, (g) lytic ability, and (h) serum was analyzed for cytokine content by cytometric bead array (CBA). Transparent gray rectangles indicate treatment windows. Data are representative of 2–4 independent experiments. Statistical analysis for survival experiments was performed using log-rank test with Welch’s correction. In other studies, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001